27 November 2007

 

Philosophy of Biological and Cognitive Sciences

Matteo Mameli and David Papineau

Tuesdays 12-1.30 Lecture Room KCL Dept of Philosophy

KCL/LSE MSc in PHS

 

 

The Baldwin Effect

 

 

 

1.  The Baldwin effect—a trait becomes innate as a result of previously being learned.

 

2.  Interesting because it promises to explain so-called ‘irreducible complexity’ (esp complex cognitive traits).

 

3.  Social learning certainly looks as if it creates conditions for Baldwiniziation.

 

4.  Is genetic control more advantageous than learning?

 

5.  How should we understand ‘innate’ here?

 

6.  How can prior learning matter?  Godfrey-Smith. 

(1) Breathing spaces

(2) Genetic assimilation

(3) Niche construction

 

7.  Genetic assimilation.  Various components, together necessary for adaptive phenotype, each gradually brought under genetic control because others are being learned.  Hinton and Nowland simulation (cf Waddington.)

 

8.  ‘Keeping up with the Joneses’ as a case of niche construction.

 

9.  Social learning as a better case of niche construction (as well as of genetic assimilation).  It helps genetic assimilation, by making the complex behaviour easier to learn (only one individual needs to light on it).

 

10.  Different kinds of social learning: stimulus enhancement, goal emulation, blind mimicry, explicit appreciation of means to ends.  Note how the first two won’t transmit adaptive complexity, and the third won’t transmit only adaptive behaviours.

 

11.  Good social learners are more likely to display complex innate behaviours.

 

 

Readings

 

Bateson, "The Active Role of Behaviour in Evolution" Biology and Philosophy 19, 283-298

 

Papineau, “Social Leaning and the Baldwin Effect” at http://www.kcl.ac.uk/ip/davidpapineau/Staff/Papineau/OnlinePapers/SocLearnBald.htm

 

Papineau “The Cultural Origins of Cognitive Adapatations” at http://www.kcl.ac.uk/ip/davidpapineau/Staff/Papineau/OnlinePapers/CultOrCogAdptns.htm

 

Boyd & Richerson Not by Genes Alone ch 6 “Culture & genes coevolve

 

Godfrey-Smith 'Between Baldwin Skepticism & Baldwin Boosterism' in Weber & Depew, eds, Evolution & Learning

 

Dennett, "The Baldwin Effect: A Crane Not a Skyhook" in Weber & Depew

 

There is a short review of the Weber/Depew book here http://human-nature.com/ep/downloads/ep02105107.pdf

 

Watkins "A Note on the Baldwin Effect" BJPS 50, 417-423