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Course A107: From Late Antiquity to Byzantium

The Fathers and Education

Dates

363 Julian killed in battle; Jovian

364 Valentinian (West) and Valens (East)

367 Valentinian d.; Gratian and Valentinian II (West)

370-9 Basil Bishop of Caesarea ; works ; on Basil see the funeral oration by his brother Gregory of Nyssa

372-94 Gregory Bishop of Nyssa ; homepage; see also works

372-90 Gregory Bishop of Nazianzus: homepage ; see also works

378 Battle of Adrianople ; Goths victorious, Valens d.

379 Theodosius I (East)

381 Arianism outlawed

383 Gratian d.

384 Altar of Victory removed from the Senate House in Rome: see Symmachus and Ambrose, On the Altar of Victory

387 Augustine baptised in Milan: homepage

390 Ambrose confronts Theodosius

391 Prohibition of pagan sacrifice

392 Valentinian II d.

394 Theodosius d. Arcadius and Honorius

397-403 John Chrysostom Patriarch of Constantinople; homepage ; see also  works

Sources

• Tertullian On Pagan Learning
• B. Croke and J. Harries, Religious Conflict in Fourth-Century Rome
• J. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies (London, 1983)
• See also the list at ICL Guide to Early Church Documents under Creeds and Canons and Early Christian Creeds and Councils
• Historia Augusta, late 4c., Latin (trans. Penguin, as Lives of the Later Caesars, also Loeb ed) Latin text online
• Jerome , On Classical Culture
• St. Basil, To young men, on Greek literature, in Letters IV (Loeb. ed.) and online
• Ambrose , Works and letters
• J. Liebeschuetz trans., Ambrose of Milan: Political Letters and Speeches (Liverpool, 2005)
• Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, early 5th c.,Latin, Confessions, on line , City of God online ; both also trans. Penguin
• Gerard O'Daly, Augustine's City of God a reader's guide (Oxford, 1999)
• Ausonius: homepage ; The Moselle, Latin text
• A. C. Dionisotti, 'From Ausonius' Schooldays?', JRS 73 (1982) for a school text of the period
• See the Fourth Century Christianity website

Studies

• Peter Brown, 'Aspects of the Christianization of the Roman Aristocracy', JRS 51 (l96l) (also in Religion and Society in the Age of St. Augustine).
• - Augustine of Hippo (London, 1967)
• - Power and Persuasion in Late Antiquity. Towards a Christian Empire (Madison, 1992)
• R.Barrow, Prefect and Emperor: the Relationes of Symmachus AD 384 (l973)
• J. H. W. G. Liebeschuetz, Barbarians and Bishops (Oxford, 1990)
• P. Rousseau, Basil of Caesarea (Oxford 1993)
• S. Williams and G. Friell, Theodosius: the Empire at bay (London, 1994)
• Neil B. MacLynn, Ambrose of Milan. Church and Court in a Christian Capital (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1994)
• See also R. A. Kaster, Guardians of Language: the Grammarian and Society in Late Antiquity (California, 1988)
• J. N. D. Kelly, Golden Mouth; a study of John Chrysostom (London, 1995)
• Gillian Cloke, This Female Man of God : Women and Spiritual Power in the Patristic Age, AD 350-450 (Routledge 1995)
• Anthony Meredith, The Cappadocians (St Vladimirs Seminary 1997)
• John Moorhead, Ambrose: church and society in the late Roman world (London, 1999).
• Routledge, Early Church Fathers series: Boniface Ramsey, Ambrose , (1997), Anthony Meredith, Gregory of Nyssa (1999); Norman Russell,  Cyril of Alexandria  (2000); Wendy Mayer and Pauline Allen, John Chrysostom (2000).
  

Hypatia

Maria Dzielska, Hypatia of Alexandria (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1995); see the account of her death in Socrates Scholasticus.