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Describing Constantinople

Building the City

2. The fifth century: consolidation

The Theodosian dynasty

F. Millar, A Greek Roman Empire : power and belief under Theodosius II (408/450) (Berkeley, 2006).

G. Dagron Naissance d'une capitale (Paris, 1974)

B. Kiilerich, The obelisk base in Constantinople : court art and imperial ideology ( Roma : G. Bretschneider, 1998).

Defence: Physical

Alexander van Millingen, Byzantine Constantinople : the walls of the city and adjoining historical sites. (1899)

Fritz Krischen, Die Landmauer von Konstantinopel Teil I, (Berlin, 1938)
B. Meyer-Plath, Alfons Maria Schneider, Die Landmauer von Konstantinopel Teil I (Berlin, 1943)

B. Tsangadas, The fortifications and defense of Constantinople (New York, 1980)

Granville Baker, The Walls of Constantinople ( 1993)

Stephen Turnbull, The Walls of Constantinople AD 324–1453 (London, 2004)

See illlustrations of the Walls Die Landmauer Konstantinopels

and a plan

Defence: Divine

Alexander van Millingen, Byzantine churches in Constantinople (1912)

Norman Hepburn Baynes, 'The supernatural defenders of Constantinople' Analecta Bollandiana, 67, Melanges Paul Peeters, I, 165-177.

Thomas Mathews, The early churches of Constantinople : architecture and liturgy. (New York, 1971)

Vasiliki Limberis, Divine heiress : the Virgin Mary and the creation of Christian Constantinople (London, 1994)

For churches see Tom Mathews' site

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Page created 16 November 1998; modified January 25, 2007