Papers relating to The Nuclear Age
television documentary series, transmitted on Central
Independent Television, Jan-Mar 1989.
[NUCLEARAGE: 1/1-12] Transcripts of episodes,
Jan-Mar 1989.
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1989 Jan 4
Typescript transmission script of episode 1 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Dawn', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 4 Jan 1989, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the TRINITY Atomic Test, the detonation of the first atomic bomb, Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, Alamogordo Desert, New Mexico, USA, 16 Jul 1945; the use, by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 6 and 9 Aug 1945; the surrender of Japan, 14 Aug 1945; including extracts of interviews with Victor Frederick Weisskopf, Physicist, Manhattan Project, 1943-1946; Bernard Feld, Physicist, Manhattan Project, [1943]-1946; Hans Albrecht Bethe, Director of Theoretical Physics, Manhattan Project, 1943-1946; Carl-Friedrich von Weizsacker, German Physicist; Professor Sir Rudolf (Ernst) Peierls, Physicist, Manhattan Project, 1943-1946; Sergei Kapitsa, son of Soviet Physicist Petr Leonidovich Kapitsa; Sir Frank (Kenyon) Roberts, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and Ambassador to the USSR, 1960-1962; Philip Morrison, Physicist, Manhattan Project; Boris Izakov, Soviet Armed Forces; US Gen Kenneth Nichols, Manhattan Project; Valentin Berezhkov, interpreter for Josef Vissarionovich Stalin; Andrei Andreevich Gromyko, Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1957-1985; R Gordon Arneson, US State Department; Roger Mellor Makins, 1st Baron Sherfield, Foreign and Commonwealth Office; Professor Ichiro Moritaki and Akihiro Takahashi, survivors of atomic bomb, Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; Soviet Lt Gen Mikhail Milshtein.
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1989 Jan 9
Typescript transmission script of episode 2 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'The weapon of choice', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 9 Jan 1989, relating to the origins of the Cold War and the deterioration of relations between the USSR and the USA, 1945-1946; the Bernard Mannes Baruch report, to the United Nations (UN) Atomic Energy Commission, on outlawing atomic war, 1946; US atomic tests, Operation SANDSTONE, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Apr-May 1948; the Berlin airlift, Germany, 1948-1949; the foundation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), Apr 1949; the development of Soviet nuclear weapons, 1945-1949, and the detonation of the first Soviet atomic bomb, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, USSR, Aug 1949; US development of thermonuclear weapons, 1949-1952; the Korean War, 1950-1953; detonation of the first US hydrogen bomb, Operation IVY, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, Nov 1952; detonation of the first Soviet hydrogen bomb, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, USSR, Aug 1953; including extracts of interviews with Clark McAdams Clifford, Special Counsel to US President Harry S Truman, 1946-1950; Genrikh ['Henry'] Aleksandrovich Trofimenko, Soviet political historian and consultant adviser to the Soviet Government; Soviet Lt Gen Mikhail Milshtein; Sergei Policknov, Soviet Physicist; Sergei Kapitza, Soviet Physicist; R Gordon Arneson, US State Department; Victor Frederick Weisskopf, Federation of Atomic Scientists; Andrei Andreevich Gromyko, Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1957-1985; Professor John Frederick Manley, Deputy Director, Los Alamos Laboratory, New Mexico, USA; Professor Hans Albrecht Bethe, Professor of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; Sir Frank (Kenyon) Roberts, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and Ambassador to the USSR, 1960-1962; Soviet Col Gen Nikolai Chervov; US Gen Kenneth Nichols, Chief of US Armed Forces Special Weapons Project; Professor Edward Teller, Physicist; Professor Isidor Isaac Rabi, General Advisory Committee to the US Atomic Energy Commission, 1952-1974; Norris Bradbury, Director, Los Alamos Laboratory, New Mexico, USA; Paul Henry Nitze, Assistant Secretary for International Security Affairs, US Defense Department, 1961-1963; Han Xu, Chinese Ambassador to the USA; John Eisenhower, son of US President Dwight David Eisenhower.
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1989 Jan 16
Typescript transmission script of episode 3 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'A bigger bang for the buck', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 16 Jan 1989, relating to the election to the US Presidency of Dwight David Eisenhower, Nov 1952; US development of thermonuclear 'hydrogen' bombs and tactical nuclear weapons, 1952-1953; adoption of new US military strategy, 'The New Look', based on a reduction in conventional forces and an increased reliance on thermonuclear and tactical nuclear weapons, 1953; US nuclear tests, Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, Nevada Test Centre, Nevada, USA, Mar-Jun 1953; the role and importance of the Strategic Air Command (SAC), USAF (US Air Force), 1952-1960; the summit conference between US President Eisenhower and Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, Geneva, Switzerland, Jul 1955; the launch of the Soviet Sputnik I and Sputnik II Earth orbiting satellites via SS-6 'Sapwood' Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM), Oct and Nov 1957; first launch of the US General Dynamics Atlas Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), Apr 1958; the development of US Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBM), [1955]-1959; the shooting down, near Sverdlovsk, USSR, of a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Lockheed U2 high altitude photographic reconnaissance aircraft, and the capture of the pilot, Francis Gary Powers, May 1960; including extracts of interviews with Herbert Frank York, Director, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California, USA, 1952-1958; Robert R Bowie, Chairman, Policy Planning Staff, US State Department, 1953-1957; US Adm Eugene Carroll; US Gen David Jones, Strategic Air Command (SAC); Soviet Col Gen Nikolai Chervov; Genrikh ['Henry'] Aleksandrovich Trofimenko, Soviet political historian and consultant adviser to Soviet Government; US Gen Andrew Jackson Goodpaster, Defense Liaison Officer and Staff Secretary to US President Dwight David Eisenhower, 1954-1961; John Eisenhower, son of US President Eisenhower; Jerome B Wiesner, Special Assistant on Science and Technology to US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1961-1964; Robert Sprague, Co-Director, US Presidential Commission on Defense; Richard Milhous Nixon, US President, 1969-1974; US Adm Gerry Miller, Strategic Planner, US Navy; George W Rathjens, US President's Scientific Staff.
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1989 Jan 23
Typescript transmission script of episode 4 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Europe goes nuclear', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 23 Jan 1989, relating to the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US partnership to develop an atomic bomb, 1942-1945; the ratification by the US Congress of the Atomic Energy Act, ending nuclear co-operation between the USA and the UK, 1946; the construction of the first British nuclear reactor, Harwell, Oxfordshire, 1947; the detonation of the first British nuclear weapon, Operation HURRICANE, Trimouille Island, Monte Bello Islands, Western Australia, Oct 1952; the development of the French nuclear weapons programme, 1952-1960; the Suez crisis, 1956; the detonation of the first British thermonuclear weapon, Operation GRAPPLE, Malden Island, Line Islands, Pacific Ocean, May 1957; the foundation of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 1958; the detonation of the first French nuclear weapon, Reggane, Algeria, Feb 1960; the cancellation of the US Douglas Skybolt Air Launched Ballistic Missile (ALBM) programme and the adoption by the UK of the Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM), 1960-1962; detonation of the first French thermonuclear weapon, Fangataufa Island, Tuamotu Islands, Pacific Ocean, Aug 1968; the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation's (NATO) reliance on the deployment of tactical nuclear weapons in the Federal Republic of Germany to deter a perceived Soviet threat, [1955-1989]; including extracts of interviews with Roger Mellor Makins, 1st Baron Sherfield, Foreign and Commonwealth Office; Brig Kenneth Hunt, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Military Planner; Bertrand Goldschmidt, Nuclear Chemist; Maurice Schumann, French Deputy Foreign Minister; French Gen Pierre M Gallois, Nuclear Strategist; Sir Richard (Royle) Powell, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Defence, 1956-1959; Reverend Dr Donald Oliver Soper, Baron Soper, founding member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament; 1958; Pierre Messmer, French Minister of Defence; Valentin Mikhailovich Falin, Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1952-1971, and Soviet Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany, 1971-1978; George Wildman Ball, US Under Secretary of State, 1961-1966; Robert Strange McNamara, US Secretary of Defense, 1961-1968; Rt Hon Denis Winston Healey, Secretary of State for Defence, 1964-1970; US Gen John Richardson; Vladimir Borisovich Lomeyko, Head of Press Department, Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1984-1986; West German Gen Graf Wolf von Baudissin; US Gen Frank Camm, Nuclear Planner, US Army; Egon Bahr, West German Social Democratic Party; Franz Josef Strauss, Defence Minister, Federal Republic of Germany, 1956-1962; Gen Gerd Schmuckle, Ministry of Defence, Federal Republic of Germany; Soviet Col Gen Nikolai Chervov; US Gen Andrew Jackson Goodpaster, Defense Liaison Officer and Staff Secretary to US President Dwight David Eisenhower, 1954-1961.
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1989 Jan 30
Typescript transmission script of episode 5 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'At the brink', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 30 Jan 1989, relating to the election to the US Presidency of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Nov 1960; the Bay of Pigs incident, Cochinos Bay, Cuba, Apr 1961; the construction of the Berlin wall, Berlin, Germany, Aug 1961; the deployment by the USSR of SS-4 'Sandal' Medium Range Ballistic Missiles (MRBM) in Cuba, [Aug-Sep] 1962; the Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct 1962; including extracts of interviews with Dave Powers, Aide to US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy; Valentin Mikhailovich Falin, Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1952-1971, and Soviet Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany, 1971-1978; Aleksandr Alekseev, Soviet Ambassador to Cuba; McGeorge Bundy, Special Assistant for National Security Affairs to US Presidents John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Lyndon Baines Johnson, 1961-1966; Robert Strange McNamara, US Secretary of Defense, 1961-1968; Dr Ray Steiner Cline, Deputy Director of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1962-1966; Theodore C Sorensen, Special Counsel to US President, 1960-1964; Andrei Andreevich Gromyko, Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1957-1985; (David) Dean Rusk, US Secretary of State, 1961-1969; Roswell Leavitt Gilpatric, US Deputy Secretary of Defense, 1961-1964; US Adm George Waldo Anderson, Jr, US Chief of Naval Operations, 1961-1963; US Brig Gen Chester V Clifton, Military Aide to President Kennedy [1961-1963]; Vladimir Bogachev, Soviet TASS (Telegrafnoe Agentstvo Sovetskogo Soyuza - Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union) Correspondent, New York, USA; US Maj Gen William Fairbourne; Fedor Mikhailovich Burlatsky, Soviet Speechwriter for Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, 1953-1964, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers, 1958-1964; Roger Hilsman, Jr, Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Research, US State Department, 1961-1963, and Director of Intelligence, US State Department.
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1989 Feb 6
Typescript transmission script of episode 6 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'The education of Robert McNamara', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 6 Feb 1989, relating to the appointment by US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy of Robert Strange McNamara as US Secretary of Defense, 1961; the development of missiles as nuclear delivery systems and the decline in the role of manned aircraft [1961-1968]; the cancellation of the North American XB-70A Valkyrie strategic bomber project [1962]; the increased production and deployment of US LGM-30A Minuteman I Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM) and Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBM) [1961-1963]; the construction of the Berlin wall, Berlin, Germany, Aug 1961; the rejection by McNamara of the US strategic policy of massive retaliation, 1961; the adoption by the USA and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of the strategic policy of flexible response, 1961 and 1967; the development of the nuclear doctrine of counterforce, emphasising limited nuclear strikes against an enemy's armed forces and not against civilian populations, 1962; development of the XLIM-49A Nike Zeus Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) system, 1963; the nuclear strategic doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), 1967; including extracts of interviews with Robert Strange McNamara, US Secretary for Defense, 1961-1968; Alain C Enthoven, US First Assistant Secretary of Defense for Systems Analysis, 1965-1969; Henry S Rowen, US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, 1961-1964; Professor William W Kaufmann, US Defense Department Consultant [1965]; Professor Albert Wohlstetter, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA, [1955]; US Gen Russell Dougherty, USAF; (David) Dean Rusk, US Secretary of State, 1961-1969; Rt Hon Denis Winston Healey, Secretary of State for Defence, 1964-1970; French Général d'Armée André Beaufre, French Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation; Genrikh ['Henry'] Aleksandrovich Trofimenko, Soviet political historian and consultant adviser to Soviet Government; Soviet Col Gen Nikolai Chervov; US Gen Kenneth Nichols, Director, US Army Research and Development; Jack Philip Ruina, Director, Advanced Research Projects Agency, US Department of Defense, 1961-1963; USAF Maj Gen Glenn A Kent, Military Assistant to Harold Brown, Director of Defense Research and Engineering, 1962-1965; US Gen Earle G Wheeler, Chairman, US Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1964-1970; Dr Harold Brown, Director, US Defense Research and Engineering, 1961-1965.
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1989 Feb 13
Typescript transmission script of episode 7 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'One step forward', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 13 Feb 1989, relating to the US military involvement in Vietnam, 1961-1975; the election to the US Presidency of Richard Milhous Nixon, Nov 1968; the summit meeting between US President Nixon and Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, Moscow, USSR, May 1972; the conclusion of the first round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, the signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) between the USA and the USSR, and the signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems (the ABM Treaty), May 1972; the reduction in US forces deployed in Vietnam, 1971-1975; the US development of multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRV) [1968-1972]; the election of US President Nixon to a second term in office, Nov 1972; the Watergate scandal, Washington DC, USA, 1972-1974; the resignation of US President Nixon, Aug 1974; including extracts of interviews with Richard Milhous Nixon, US President, 1969-1974; Aleksandr Yevgeniyevich Bovin, Soviet speechwriter for Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, 1964-1982; Soviet Gen Yuriy Vladimirovich Lebedev, Counsellor, then Counsellor-Envoy, Soviet Embassy, Cuba, 1962-1968; Dr John Stuart Foster, Jr, US Director of Defense Research and Engineering; Dr Henry (Alfred) Kissinger, US National Security Adviser, 1969-1973, and US Secretary of State, 1973-1977; Roland Timerbaev, Soviet Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) Delegation [1969-1972]; Gerard C Smith, Chief US SALT Negotiator [1969-1972]; Vitaliy Vladimirovich Zhurkin, Soviet Analyst on Foreign Policy, 1968-1986; US Gen Royal Allison, US SALT Delegate from Joint Chiefs of Staff [1969-1972]; Vladimir Semyonovich Semyonov, Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister and Chief Soviet SALT Negotiator [1969-1972]; Dr Raymond Leonard Garthoff, Senior Advisor to US SALT Negotiating Team [1969-1972]; Andrei Andreevich Gromyko, Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1957-1985; Richard Norman Perle, Aide to US Senator Henry Martin 'Scoop' Jackson; US Adm Thomas H Moorer, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff.
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1989 Feb 20
Typescript transmission script of episode 8 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'The haves and the have nots', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 20 Feb 1989, relating to the announcement of the US Atoms for Peace programme to share nuclear knowledge with other countries, 1953; the first Atoms for Peace Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, 1955; the development of Indian nuclear research, 1948-1989; the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1957; the detonation of the first French nuclear weapon, Reggane, Algeria, Feb 1960; the detonation of the first Chinese nuclear weapon, Lop Nor, People's Republic of China, Oct 1964; the deterioration in relations between the USSR and the People's Republic of China, 1967-1970; the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 1968; the detonation of the first Chinese thermonuclear weapon, Lop Nor, People's Republic of China, Jun 1967; the Indo-Pakistan War, Dec 1971; the detonation of India's first nuclear device, Rajasthan Desert, India, May 1974; Operation BABYLON, the Israeli air attack on the Osirak nuclear research reactor, Al Tuwaitha, Iraq, 7 Jun 1981; including extracts of interviews with Bertrand Goldschmidt, French Atomic Energy Commission; Raja Ramanna, Chairman, Indian Atomic Energy Commission; Professor Glenn Theodore Seaborg, Chairman, US Atomic Energy Commission, 1961-1971; Roland Timerbaev, Soviet Foreign Ministry; Lakshmi Kant Jha, Secretary, Indian Ministry of Finance, Department of Economic Affairs, 1960-1964; Myron Kratzer, US Atomic Energy Commission; US Gen Andrew Jackson Goodpaster, Defense Liaison Officer and Staff Secretary to US President Dwight David Eisenhower, 1954-1961; Han Xu, Chinese Ambassador to the USA; George Bunn, General Counsel, US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1961-1969; Chandra Shekhar Jha, Indian Foreign Secretary, 1965-1967; Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime Minister of India; Homi Sethna, Chairman, Indian Atomic Energy Commission; Rt Hon Alun Arthur Gwynne Jones, Baron Chalfont, Chairman, British Delegation, UN Disarmament Committee; Morarji (Ranchhodji) Desai, Prime Minister of India; Agha Shahi, Foreign Minister of Pakistan, 1972; Kandury Subrahmanyam, Indian Institute for Defence Studies; Dr Subramanian Swamy, Member of Indian Parliament; Pakistani Gen Agha Ibrahim Akram; Munir Khan, Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission of Pakistan; Joseph Nye, US Non-Proliferation Policy Advisor; Abdul Sattar, Foreign Secretary of Pakistan.
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1989 Feb 27
Typescript transmission script of episode 9 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Carter's new world', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 27 Feb 1989, relating to the election to the US Presidency of James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter, Nov 1976; negotiations between the USA and USSR on nuclear arms limitation during US President Carter's administration, 1977-1981; the cancellation of the Rockwell International B-1A Lancer strategic bomber [1978]; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, Geneva, Switzerland, 1977-1979; the US development of the Martin-Marietta MGM-118 (MX) Peacekeeper Heavy Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), 1974-1981; the appointment of Zbigniew (Kasimierz) Brzezinski as US National Security Adviser, 1977; the establishment of diplomatic relations between the USA and the People's Republic of China, Jan 1979; the signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II) on agreed limits on the numbers and testing of new types of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM) by US President Carter and Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, Vienna, Austria, Jun 1979; the Iran hostage crisis, the capture of the US Embassy and sixty six US hostages by Iranian followers of the Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, Nov 1979-Jan 1981; the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Dec 1979; the deferment by the US Senate to ratify the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II), due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Jan 1980; including extracts of interviews with Paul Culliton Warnke, Chief US Negotiator, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks II (SALT II) [1974-1979]; Cyrus Roberts Vance, US Secretary of State, 1977-1980; Andrei Andreevich Gromyko, Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1957-1985; Paul Henry Nitze, Head of the lobby group the Committee on the Present Danger [1976-1981]; Dr Harold Brown, US Secretary of Defense, 1977-1981; David Aaron, US Deputy Assistant to US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter for National Security Affairs, 1977-1981; Zbigniew (Kasimierz) Brzezinski, US National Security Adviser; Aleksandr Yevgeniyevich Bovin, Soviet speechwriter for Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, 1964-1982; Soviet Gen Yuri Lebedev, Delegate to SALT II [1974-1979].
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1989 Mar 6
Typescript transmission script of episode 10 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Missile experimental', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 6 Mar 1989, relating to the US development of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM) capable of hitting targets in the USSR, 1960-1988; the development and deployment of the General Dynamics SM-65 Atlas Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), 1953-1967; the development and deployment of the LGM-30G Minuteman III Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), equipped with three multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRV), 1970; the concept of limited nuclear war with only enemy military installations being targetted, 1970-1974; the development of the Martin-Marietta MGM-118 (MX) Peacekeeper Heavy Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), 1974-1989; the Soviet deployment of the SS-18 'Satan' Model 2 Heavy Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), equipped with eight to ten multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRV), 1976-1977; US adoption of the Lockheed UGM-93A Trident I C4 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM), 1979; the election to the US Presidency of Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, Nov 1980; US research and development into the Small Lightweight 'Midgetman' Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) programme [1979-1988]; including extracts of interviews with US Gen John Toomay, USAF Systems Command; James (Rodney) Schlesinger, US Secretary of Defense, 1973-1975; US Gen Russell Dougherty, Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Air Command (SAC); Soviet Gen Gely Batenin, Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces; Marvin Atkins, US Defense Research and Engineering; Larry Smith, US Senate Armed Services Committee Staff; William R Van Cleave, Defense Adviser for Ronald (Wilson) Reagan's Presidential Election Campaign, 1980; William James Perry, US Under-Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering; Cecil Garland, rancher, Utah, USA; Ashton Carter, co-author 1981 MX Study; US Gen Lew Allen, Jr, USAF Chief of Staff; US Gen Brent Scowcroft, Chairman, Presidential Commission on MX Missile; Albert Carnesale, US National Security Consultant; Caspar (Willard) Weinberger, US Secretary of Defense, 1981-1987; US Gen Charles May, USAF Special Assistant for ICBM (Inter Continental Ballistic Missile) Modernisation.
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1989 Mar 13
Typescript transmission script of episode 11 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Zero hour', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 13 Mar 1989, relating to the reduction in the numbers of tactical nuclear weapons deployed by the USA and the USSR, 1975-1988; the deterioration in relations between the USA and the European NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) members due to the deployment and potential use of tactical nuclear weapons to counter a Soviet invasion of western Europe, 1974-1988; the Soviet deployment of the SS-20 'Saber' Mobile Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), 1974-1977; US development of the 'neutron bomb', a thermonuclear enhanced radiation tactical nuclear weapon [1974-1978]; the US development and deployment of the MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missile, 1978-1983, and the General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missile (GLCM), 1978-1984; the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, UK, 1980-1985; the demonstrations in the Federal Republic of Germany against US nuclear weapons being sited on German territory, 1981; the adoption of the policy of unilateral nuclear disarmament by the Labour Party, 1982; the death of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, Nov 1982; the summit meetings between US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, Reykjavik, Iceland, Nov 1986, and Washington DC, USA, Dec 1987; the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988; including extracts of interviews with Leslie Gelb, US State Department, 1977-1979; Soviet Gen Gely Batenin, Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces; Fedor Mikhailovich Burlatsky, Soviet Editor and Adviser to Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, 1985-1991, and President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1988-1991; Helmut (Heinrich Waldemar) Schmidt, Chancellor, Federal Republic of Germany, 1974-1982; James (Rodney) Schlesinger, Cabinet of US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter; Zbigniew (Kasimierz) Brzezinski, US National Security Adviser; Lynn Etheridge Davis, US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense; Rt Hon (Leonard) James Callaghan, Prime Minister, 1976-1979; Edward Palmer Thompson, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND); Hans Apel, Defence Minister, Federal Republic of Germany; Petra Kelly, Green Party, Federal Republic of Germany; Richard Burt, US State Department; Rt Hon David Anthony Llewellyn Owen, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, 1977-1979; Genrikh ['Henry'] Aleksandrovich Trofimenko, Soviet political historian and consultant adviser to Soviet Government; Richard Norman Perle, US Assistant Secretary of Defense; Soviet Col Gen Nikolai Chervov, Arms Negotiator; Georgiy Arkadevich Arbatov, Adviser to Gorbachev; Joe Joffe, Defence Analyst, Federal Republic of Germany; US Gen Bernard William Rogers, Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR); Jurgen Turgenhofer, Christian Democratic Party, Federal Republic of Germany; Rt Hon Denis Winston Healey, Secretary of State for Defence, 1964-1970; Gennadi Ivanovich Gerasimov, Soviet Foreign Ministry Spokesman; Bruce Kent, Chairman, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND).
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1989 Mar 20
Typescript transmission script of episode 12 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Visions of peace', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 20 Mar 1989, relating to an increase in US spending on research and development on strategic weapons and equipment during the Presidency of Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, 1981-1989; the exploitation of space for military purposes via the Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI), 1983-1989; the Soviet belief that the US Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) would create another arms race between the USA and the USSR, 1984-1989; the future of nuclear weapon technology, arms control and proliferation, 1988-1989; including extracts of interviews with Albert Carnesale, US National Security Consultant; Richard Norman Perle, US Assistant Secretary of Defense; Dr George Albert Keyworth II, Science Adviser to US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan; Professor Edward Teller, Physicist; Charles Brau, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA; Roger Warren, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA; Ashton Carter, US Defense Department Consultant; Gennadi Ivanovich Gerasimov, Soviet Foreign Ministry Spokesman; US Lt Gen James A Abrahamson, Director, Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) [1983-1989]; Herbert Frank York, member of US President's Science Advisory Committee, 1957-1968; Robert Strange McNamara, US Secretary of Defense, 1961-1968; Soviet Col Gen Nikolai Chervov; Rt Hon Sir John (William Frederic) Nott, Secretary of State for Defence, 1981-1983; Francois Heisbourg, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies; Genrikh ['Henry'] Aleksandrovich Trofimenko, Soviet political historian and consultant adviser to Soviet Government; Rt Hon Sir (Richard Edward) Geoffrey Howe, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, 1983-1989; US Senator Les Aspin; McGeorge Bundy, Special Assistant for National Security Affairs to US Presidents John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Lyndon Baines Johnson, 1961-1966; Jean-Pierre Chevenement, French Minister of Defence; Rt Hon George (Kenneth Hotson) Younger, Secretary of State for Defence, 1986-1989; (David) Dean Rusk, US Secretary of State, 1961-1969; Rt Hon Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Prime Minister, 1979-1990; Andrei Andreevich Gromyko, Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1957-1985; Georgiy Arkadevich Arbatov, Adviser to Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, 1985-1991, and President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1988-1991.
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VHS Videos of
The Nuclear Age television documentary
series, episodes 1-12, Jan-Mar 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 1 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Dawn', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 4 Jan 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 2 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'The weapon of choice', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 9 Jan 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 3 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'A bigger bang for the buck', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 16 Jan 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 4 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Europe goes nuclear', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 23 Jan 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 5 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'At the brink', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 30 Jan 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 6 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'The education of Robert McNamara', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 6 Feb 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 7 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'One step forward', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 13 Feb 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 8 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'The haves and the have nots', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 20 Feb 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 9 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Carter's new world', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 27 Feb 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 10 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Missile experimental', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 6 Mar 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 11 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Zero hour', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 13 Mar 1989.
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1989
One VHS (Vertical Helix Scan) video cassette of episode 12 of The Nuclear Age, entitled 'Visions of peace', transmitted on Central Independent Television, 20 Mar 1989.
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Interview transcript,
China, People's Republic of, [1987].
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[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Han Xu, Chinese Ambassador to the USA, 1985-[1987], relating to the Chinese reaction to the possible use by the USA of nuclear weapons during the Korean War, 1950-1953; the Sino-Soviet nuclear agreement, 1957; the threat of nuclear confrontation with the USA over the Quemoy-Matsu crisis between Taiwan and the People's Republic of China, 1958; the detonation of the first Chinese nuclear weapon, Lop Nor, People's Republic of China, Oct 1964; the official visit by US President Richard Milhous Nixon to the People's Republic of China, Feb 1972; the Chinese viewpoint on the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I), 1969-1972, and the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) negotiations, 1974-1979; the establishment of diplomatic relations between the USA and the People's Republic of China, Jan 1979.
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Interview transcripts and
statement, France, [1963], [1987-1989].
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[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Jean-Pierre Chevénement, French Minister of Defence, 1988-1991, relating to the French independent nuclear deterrent, [1989]; the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983-[1989]; French opposition to the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) doctrine of flexible response, [1989]; the possibility of creating a European nuclear deterrent by collaboration between France and the UK, [1989].
[NUCLEARAGE: 4/2]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Jean Daniel, Editor in Chief, l'Expresse, [1963], and French correspondent with the New Republic, Washington DC, USA, 1956-1965, relating to the Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct 1962; an interview between Daniel and Dr Fidel Castro (Ruz), Prime Minister of Cuba, Oct 1963; relations between the USA and Cuba, 1962-1963.
[NUCLEARAGE: 4/3]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with French Gen Pierre M Gallois, relating to the increased deployment of US tactical nuclear weapons in western Europe, [1957-1960]; the defence policy of Franz Josef Strauss, Minister of Defence, Federal Republic of Germany, 1956-1962; the French nuclear development programme, 1954-1960; the administration of French Gen Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle, President of France, 1959-1969, the adoption by the USA and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of the strategic policy of flexible response, 1961 and 1967; US plans for the creation of a Multilateral Force (MLF) in western Europe, [1964-1965]; the withdrawal of French forces from the NATO Military Committee, 1966; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968.
[NUCLEARAGE: 4/4]
[1963]
Typescript transcript of extract of statement by French Gen Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle, President of France, 1959-1969, relating to the 'Force de Frappe', the independent French nuclear forces, [1963] and to the French nuclear development programme, 1954-[1963].
[NUCLEARAGE: 4/5]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Bertrand Goldschmidt, Commisariat à l'Energie Atomique, 1946-1980, and Adviser to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1978-1980, relating to nuclear research in Europe and the USA, 1933-1939; wartime nuclear research in Germany, the UK and the USA, 1939-1945; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the use, by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), of an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, 6 Aug 1945; the US Atomic Energy Act (the MacMahon Act), ending nuclear co-operation between the USA and the UK, 1946; Operation CROSSROADS, the two US nuclear tests, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Jun-Jul 1946; the Bernard Mannes Baruch report, to the United Nations (UN) Atomic Energy Commission, on outlawing atomic war, 1946; the US Atoms for Peace programme to share nuclear knowledge with other countries, 1953; the French nuclear development programme, 1954-1960; the first Atoms for Peace Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, 1955; the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1957; French involvement in the Indian, Israeli, Iraqi and Pakistani nuclear development programmes, [1956-1987]; nuclear proliferation, 1945-[1987]; the French reaction to the detonation of the first Chinese nuclear weapon, Lop Nor, People's Republic of China, Oct 1964; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968; the French reaction to the detonation of India's first nuclear device, Rajasthan Desert, India, May 1974; the impact in France of the Arab oil embargo, 1973; US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter's Non-Proliferation Act, 1978; Operation BABYLON, the Israeli air attack on the Osirak nuclear research reactor, Al Tuwaitha, Iraq, 7 Jun 1981.
[NUCLEARAGE: 4/6]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Pierre Heisbourg, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies, [1989], relating to the planned expansion of the British and French nuclear arsenal, [1989]; the existence and purpose of a British independent nuclear deterrent, [1989]; the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START I) between the USA and the USSR, 1982-1991; the signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty by Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, and US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, Washington DC, USA, 8 Dec 1987; the deployment of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) nuclear and conventional forces in the Federal Republic of Germany, [1989]; the possibility of the reunification of Germany, [1989]; the announcement by Gorbachev to the United Nations (UN) of the withdrawal and demobilisation of large numbers of Soviet conventional forces in Eastern Europe, New York, USA, 7 Dec 1988; the future of US/Soviet arms control negotiations, [1989].
[NUCLEARAGE: 4/7]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview in French with Pierre Auguste Joseph Messmer, French Minister for the Armed Forces, 1960-1969, Minister of State for Overseas Departments and Territories, 1972, and Prime Minister, 1972-1974, relating to the French nuclear development programme, 1954-1960; the administration of French Gen Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle, President of France, 1959-1969, the detonation of the first French nuclear weapon, Reggane, Algeria, Feb 1960; the Nassau Agreement between US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Prime Minister Rt Hon (Maurice) Harold Macmillan, on the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) as the UK independent nuclear deterrent, Nassau, New Providence Islands, the Bahamas, Caribbean, Dec 1962; US plans for the creation of a Multilateral Force (MLF) in western Europe, [1964-1965]; the withdrawal of French forces from the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) Military Committee, 1966.
[NUCLEARAGE: 4/8]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Comte François Jean-Baptiste Hubert Edouard Marie de Tricornot de Rose, President, European Nuclear Research Organisation (CERN, Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire), 1958-1960, relating to the French nuclear development programme, 1954-1960; the French defeat by the Viet Minh at Dien Bien Phu, Indo-China, 1954; the Suez crisis, 1956; the detonation of the first British thermonuclear weapon, Operation GRAPPLE, Malden Island, Line Islands, Pacific Ocean, May 1957; the administration of French Gen Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle, President of France, 1959-1969; the withdrawal of French forces from the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) Military Committee, 1966; the policy of détente between the USA and the USSR, 1969-1975; the adoption by the USA and NATO of the strategic policy of flexible response, 1961 and 1967.
[NUCLEARAGE: 4/9]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Maurice Schumann, French Deputy Foreign Secretary, 1951-1954, Minister of State for Scientific Research, 1967-1968, Minister for Social Affairs, 1968-1969, and Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1969-1973, relating to US Gen of the Army Dwight David Eisenhower's service as Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR), at Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), 1950-1952; the impact of the Korean War in France, 1950-1953; the European Defence Community (EDC), 1950-1954; the agreement by NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of the 'Lisbon Force Goals', the minimum forces required to defend western Europe against an attack by the USSR, 1952; the French reaction to the detonation of the first British nuclear weapon, Operation HURRICANE, Trimouille Island, Monte Bello Islands, Western Australia, Oct 1952; the opinion in France on the deployment and basing of US forces in western Europe, 1954; the rearmament and entry into NATO of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1954; the French defeat by the Viet Minh at Dien Bien Phu, Indo-China, 1954; the rumour that John Foster Dulles, US Secretary of State, 1953-1959, offered France US atomic bombs to use in Indo-China following the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu, 1954; the French nuclear development programme, 1954-1960; the Suez Crisis and the deterioration in US/French relations, 1956; the launch of the Soviet Sputnik I and Sputnik II Earth orbiting satellites, Oct and Nov 1957; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I), 1969-1972; the policy of détente between the USA and the USSR, 1969-1975; the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983-1986.
[NUCLEARAGE: 4/10]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Michel Tatu, French author and journalist and Chief of Foreign Affairs, Le Monde, [1960-1970], relating to the US production and deployment of one thousand LGM-30A Minuteman I Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs), 1961-1962; the Soviet deployment of SS-4 'Sandal' Medium Range Ballistic Missiles (MRBM) and SS-5 'Skean' Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM) to Cuba, Oct 1962; the Bay of Pigs incident, Cochinos Bay, Cuba, Apr 1961; the Berlin crisis and the construction of the Berlin wall, Germany, Aug 1961; the Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct 1962; the US naval blockade of Cuba, 1962; the removal of US Chrysler Jupiter SM-78 Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM) from Turkey, 1965; the increase in production of Soviet Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs), 1964-1965; the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Aug 1963.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/1-5/13]
Interview transcripts,
Germany, Federal Republic of, 1986-[1989].
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/1]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interviews with Dr Hans Eberhard Apel, Minister of Defence, Federal Republic of Germany, 1978-1982, relating to the possible US deployment to western Europe of the 'neutron bomb', a thermonuclear enhanced radiation tactical nuclear weapon [1974-1978]; the deterioration in relations between Helmut (Heinrich Waldemar) Schmidt, Chancellor, Federal Republic of Germany, and US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter, 1977-1980; the US development and deployment of the MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missile, 1978-1983, and the General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missile (GLCM), 1978-1984; the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988; the deferment by the US Senate to ratify the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II), due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Jan 1980; the relations between the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the administration of US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, 1981-1989; the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) nuclear doctrine of flexible response, [1989].
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/2]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Egon Bahr, Journalist and Politician, Federal Republic of Germany, 1948-[1987], Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security, 1980-[1987], relating to the Berlin airlift, Germany, 1948-1949; the Soviet and Warsaw Pact intervention in Czechoslovakia, Aug 1968; the possibility of German unification, [1987]; the Berlin crisis and the construction of the Berlin wall, Germany, Aug 1961; the defence policy of Franz Josef Strauss, Minister of Defence, Federal Republic of Germany, 1956-1962.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/3]
1986 Dec 12
Typescript transcript of interview with Graf Wolf von Baudissin, Director, Institute of Peace Research and Security Policy, University of Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 1971-1984, relating to the European Defence Community (EDC), 1950-1954; the rearmament and entry into NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1954; the NATO Exercise CARTE BLANCHE, 1955; the creation of the Bundeswehr, 1955; the US strategic policy of massive retaliation, 1954-1960; the increased deployment of US tactical nuclear weapons in western Europe, [1957-1960]; the British Army's 'Land Battle Doctrine', 1960; the adoption by the USA and NATO of the strategic policy of flexible response, 1961 and 1967.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/4]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Wilhelm Grewe, Federal German Ambassador to the USA, 1958-1962, Permanent Representative to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation), 1962-[1969], and Ambassador to Japan and Mongolia, 1971-1976, relating to the adoption by the USA and NATO of the strategic policy of flexible response, 1961 and 1967; relations between the USA and France within NATO, 1962-1966; the Berlin crisis and the construction of the Berlin wall, Germany, Aug 1961; the relationship between French President Gen Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle and Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1962-1963; the Federal German policy of 'Ostpolitik' (Eastern policy), accepting the existence of the German Democratic Republic and of its eastern border, the Oder-Neisse line, 1969-1974; the policy of détente between the USA and the USSR, 1969-1975; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks I (SALT I), 1969-1972.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/5]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Joseph Joffe, Editor of Suddeutch Zeitung, Federal Republic of Germany, [1987], relating to West German public opinion on the US deployment of General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles in western Europe, 1979-1983; the Peace Movement in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1979-1987; the adoption by the British Labour Party and the Federal German Social Democrat Party of the policy of unilateral nuclear disarmament, 1986; the summit meeting between US President Reagan and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, and President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Reykjavik, Iceland, Nov 1986; speculation on the forthcoming signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988; NATO's (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) strategy of flexible response, 1987.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/6]
1987 Oct 20
Typescript transcript of interview with Petra K Kelly, founder of Die Grünen (Green Party), Federal Republic of Germany, 1972, relating to the decision by US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter to deploy General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles in western Europe, Dec 1979; the Soviet deployment of the SS-20 'Saber' Mobile Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM), 1974-1977; the Peace Movement in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1979-1987; speculation on the forthcoming signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/7]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Horst Osterheld, confidant of Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1949-1963, relating to the impact of the Korean War in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1950-1953; the European Defence Community (EDC), 1950-1954; relations between France and the Federal Republic of Germany, 1950-1954; the rearmament and entry into NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1954; the Berlin crisis and the construction of the Berlin wall, Germany, Aug 1961; the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) as the UK independent nuclear deterrent, 1962; the Federal German reaction to the Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct 1962.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/8]
1987 Oct 21
Typescript transcript of interview with Dr Lothar Ruhl, Journalist, Federal Republic of Germany, [1971]-1980, Deputy Speaker of the Federal German Government, 1980-1982, and Under Secretary, Defence Ministry, Federal Republic of Germany, 1983, relating to the speech by Helmut (Heinrich Waldemar) Schmidt, Chancellor, Federal Republic of Germany, to the International Institute of Strategic Studies, London, on the consequences of the planned US deployment of General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles on German territory ('Euro-strategic missiles'), 7 Oct 1977; the Soviet deployment of the SS-20 'Saber' Mobile Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM), 1974-1977; the election to the US Presidency of Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, Nov 1980; the adoption by US President Reagan of the 'zero option', whereby the US would not deploy General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles if the USSR withdrew SS-4 'Sandal' Medium Range Ballistic Missiles (MRBM), SS-5 'Skean' Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM) and SS-20 'Saber' Mobile Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM), from west of the Ural mountains, 1981; the US deployment of General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles in western Europe, 1983; the summit meeting between US President Reagan and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, and President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Reykjavik, Iceland, Nov 1986; speculation on the forthcoming signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988; NATO's (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) strategy of flexible response, 1987; the possible US deployment to western Europe of the 'neutron bomb', a thermonuclear enhanced radiation tactical nuclear weapon [1974-1978]; the importance of public opinion in Federal German politics, 1987.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/9]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Adm Schmaling, Director, Office for Studies and Exercises within the Armed Forces, Federal Republic of Germany, [1989], relating to the deployment of US tactical nuclear weapons on West German territory, [1989]; NATO's (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) strategy of flexible response, [1988]; the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/10]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interviews with Helmut (Heinrich Waldemar) Schmidt, Chancellor, Federal Republic of Germany, 1974-1982, relating to the impact in the Federal Republic of Germany of the Soviet deployment of SS-20 'Saber' Mobile Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM), 1974-1977; the German requirement for the US to include Soviet SS-20 'Saber' missiles in the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II) negotiations, 1974-1979; the speech by Chancellor Schmidt to the International Institute of Strategic Studies, London, on the consequences of the planned US deployment of General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles on German territory ('Euro-strategic missiles'), 7 Oct 1977; the summit meeting between Chancellor Schmidt, Prime Minister Rt Hon (Leonard) James Callaghan, US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter and French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Guadeloupe, Caribbean, 1979; the summit meeting between Chancellor Schmidt and Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, Oct 1978; the deterioration of relations between the USA and USSR over the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Dec 1979, the US boycott of the Moscow Olympics, 1980, and the Iran hostage crisis, the capture of the US Embassy and sixty six US hostages by Iranian followers of the Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, Nov 1979-Jan 1981; Chancellor Schmidt's opinion of the leadership of US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter, 1977-1981; US development of the 'neutron bomb', a thermonuclear enhanced radiation tactical nuclear weapon [1974-1978]; the election of US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, 1980.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/11]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Gen Gerd Schmuckle, Ministry of Defence, Federal Republic of Germany, [1956-1962], and Deputy Allied Commander, Europe, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation), 1978-1980, relating to the defence policy of Franz Josef Strauss, Minister of Defence, Federal Republic of Germany, 1956-1962; the launch of the Soviet Sputnik I and Sputnik II Earth orbiting satellites, Oct and Nov 1957; the adoption by the USA and NATO of the strategic policy of flexible response, 1961 and 1967; US plans for the creation of a Multilateral Force (MLF) in western Europe, [1964-1965]; the increase in the US deployment of tactical nuclear weapons in western Europe, 1954-1960.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/12]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with J Todenhofer, spokesman on arms control for the Christian Democratic Union Party (CDU), Federal Republic of Germany, [1980-1987], relating to the summit meeting between US President Reagan and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, and President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Reykjavik, Iceland, Nov 1986; speculation on the forthcoming signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988.
[NUCLEARAGE: 5/13]
1986 Mar 1
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Freiherr Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, Head of Department, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany, 1946-1957, Professor of Philosophy, University of Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 1957-1969, and Director, Max Planck Institute for Research on Preconditions of Human Life in a Scientific Technical World, 1970-1980, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; the development of Nuclear Physics in Germany, 1938-1945; the capture of German Physicists by British and US forces, Germany, 1945; the use, by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), of an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, 6 Aug 1945.
[NUCLEARAGE: 6/1]
Interview transcript,
India, [1985].
[NUCLEARAGE: 6/1]
[1985]
Typescript transcripts of extracts of interviews with Dr Ramanna Raja, Chairman of Indian Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, 1983, relating to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and India's decision not to become a signatory, Jul 1968; the detonation of the first Indian atomic bomb, Rajasthan Desert, India, May 1974; Indian reaction to rumours of Pakistan embarking on a nuclear development programme [1978].
[NUCLEARAGE: 7/1-7/4]
Interview transcripts,
Israel, [1988].
[NUCLEARAGE: 7/1]
[1988]
Typescript transcript of interview with Shalhevet Fraier, Israeli Scientist, relating to the development of atomic energy in Israel, [1950]-1988; the US Atoms for Peace programme to share nuclear knowledge with other countries, 1953; Israel's co-operation with France in the development of nuclear energy [1956-1960]; an Israeli goal to ensure a nuclear free zone throughout the Middle East [1988].
[NUCLEARAGE: 7/2]
[1988]
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Yuval Ne'Eman, Professor of Physics, Tel Aviv University, Israel, member of Israeli Atomic Energy Commission, 1965-1984, and Israeli Minister of Science and Development, 1982-1984, relating to the development of nuclear research in Israel, 1950-[1965]; the US Atoms for Peace programme to share nuclear knowledge with other countries, 1953; the French aid and support for the Israeli nuclear research programme [1956-1966]; Operation BABYLON, the Israeli air attack on the Osirak nuclear research reactor, Al Tuwaitha, Iraq, 7 Jun 1981; the Israeli strategic policy on the development and deployment of nuclear weapons and on nuclear proliferation in the Middle East [1988]; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968, and Israel's decision not to become a signatory, 1968-1988.
[NUCLEARAGE: 7/3]
[1988]
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Mattitiahu Peled, General, Israeli Defence Forces (IDF), Six Day War, 5-10 Jun 1967, and Professor of Arabic Studies, University of Tel Aviv, Israel, relating to Israeli strategic policy on the development and deployment of nuclear weapons and on nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, [1988]; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968, and Israel's decision not to become a signatory, 1968-1988.
[NUCLEARAGE: 7/4]
[1988]
Typescript transcript of interview with Lt Gen Yitzhak Rabin, Chief of Staff, Israeli Defence Forces (IDF), 1964-1968, Israeli Prime Minister, 1974-1977, and Israeli Minister of Defence, 1984-1990, relating to the Israeli strategic policy on the development and deployment of nuclear weapons [1988]; Operation BABYLON, the Israeli air attack on the Osirak nuclear research reactor, Al Tuwaitha, Iraq, 7 Jun 1981; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968, and Israel's decision not to become a signatory, 1968-1988.
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/1-8/11]
Interview transcripts, Japan,
1987-[1988].
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/1]
1987 Feb 25
Typescript transcript of interview with Japanese Ambassador Ryukichi Imai, Japanese Disarmament Ambassador, Geneva, Switzerland, [1983-1986], relating to the US Atoms for Peace programme to share nuclear knowledge with other countries, 1953; US technical and financial support for the Japanese nuclear energy programme, 1954-[1960]; the Japanese anti-nuclear movement, 1954-[1960]; the radioactive contamination of the Japanese fishing vessel FUKURYU MARU (LUCKY DRAGON) and its crew, from US thermonuclear tests, Operation CASTLE, Bikini and Eniwetok Atolls, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Mar 1954; the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Aug 1963; the detonation of the first Chinese nuclear weapon, Lop Nor, People's Republic of China, Oct 1964; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968; the benefits of Japanese nuclear energy during the Arab oil embargo, 1973; Japanese reaction to the news of India's detonation of a nuclear device, Rajasthan Desert, India, May 1974; the impact on the Japanese nuclear industry of US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter's Non-Proliferation Act, 1978.
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/2]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Mr Ishibashi, a survivor of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan by the USAAF, 6 Aug 1945, and Socialist member of the Japanese Diet, relating to the immediate aftermath of the detonation of the atomic bomb, Aug 1945; the anti-nuclear movement in Japan, [1946-1960]; the radioactive contamination of the Japanese fishing vessel FUKURYU MARU (LUCKY DRAGON) and its crew, from US thermonuclear tests, Operation CASTLE, Bikini and Eniwetok Atolls, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Mar 1954; concern in Japan at the announcement of the detonation of the first Chinese nuclear weapon, Lop Nor, People's Republic of China, Oct 1964; the signing by the UK, the USSR and the USA of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968.
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/3]
1987 Jun 16
Typescript transcript of interview with Yuko Kurihara, Japanese Minister for Defence, 1987, relating to Japanese defence concerns, notably Korea, and relations with the USA, USSR and the People's Republic of China, 1987; the background to Japanese defence policy, 1945-1987.
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/4]
[1988] Feb 24
Typescript transcript of interview with Mr Mori, former Japanese journalist, interviewed at the Atomic Industrial Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 24 Feb [1988], relating to the US Atoms for Peace programme to share nuclear knowledge with other countries, 1953; the origins and aims of Japan's early atomic energy programme, [1953-1965]; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968; the benefits of Japanese nuclear energy during the Arab oil embargo, 1973; the impact in Japan of news of India's detonation of a nuclear device, Rajasthan Desert, India, May 1974.
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/5]
1987 Feb 26
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Ichiro Moritaki, a survivor of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan by the USAAF, 6 Aug 1945, and member of the Japanese anti-nuclear movement, 1954-[1987], relating to recollections of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, Aug 1945; the creation, by Moritaki, of the Movement to Aid and Adopt Orphans of the Atomic Bomb, Japan, [1946]; the radioactive contamination of the Japanese fishing vessel FUKURYU MARU (LUCKY DRAGON) and its crew, from US thermonuclear tests, Operation CASTLE, Bikini and Eniwetok Atolls, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Mar 1954; the Japanese anti-nuclear movement, 1954-[1987]; the renewal of the 1951 Japan-US Security Treaty, 1960; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968.
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/6]
1987 Feb 26
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Ichiro Moritaki, a survivor of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan by the USAAF, 6 Aug 1945, and member of the Japanese anti-nuclear movement, 1954-[1987], relating to recollections of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, Aug 1945; the creation, by Moritaki, of the Movement to Aid and Adopt Orphans of the Atomic Bomb, Japan, [1946]; the radioactive contamination of the Japanese fishing vessel FUKURYU MARU (LUCKY DRAGON) and its crew, from US thermonuclear tests, Operation CASTLE, Bikini and Eniwetok Atolls, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Mar 1954; the Japanese anti-nuclear movement, 1954-[1987]; the renewal of the 1951 Japan-US Security Treaty, 1960; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968. Copy of 8/5
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/7]
1987 Feb 25
Typescript transcript of interview with Hiroshi Ota, Japanese Foreign Ministry, relating to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968; the advantages and disadvantages of the Non-Proliferation Treaty for Japan, 1968; US technical assistance in the Japanese nuclear programme, 1968.
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/8]
1987 Feb 26
Typescript transcript of interview with Kiyomi Sasaki, a patient at the Atom Bomb Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan, relating to the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the immediate aftermath of the detonation of the atomic bomb, Aug 1945; Sasaki's medical history, 1945-1987.
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/9]
1987 Feb 26
Typescript transcript of interview with Kiyomi Sasaki, a patient at the Atom Bomb Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan, relating to the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the immediate aftermath of the detonation of the atomic bomb, Aug 1945; Sasaki's medical history, 1945-1987. Copy of 8/8
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/10]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Akihiro Takahashi, a survivor of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan by the USAAF, 6 Aug 1945, relating to recollections of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, Aug 1945; Takahashi's opinion of the peaceful use of atomic energy, 1953-[1987]; the Japanese anti-nuclear movement, 1954-[1987]; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968.
[NUCLEARAGE: 8/11]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Akihiro Takahashi, a survivor of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan by the USAAF, 6 Aug 1945, relating to recollections of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, Aug 1945; Takahashi's opinion of the peaceful use of atomic energy, 1953-[1987]; the Japanese anti-nuclear movement, 1954-[1987]; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968. Copy of 8/10
[NUCLEARAGE: 9/1]
Interview transcript,
Pakistan, [1989].
[NUCLEARAGE: 9/1]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Dr Ishrat Husain Usmani, Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, 1960-1971, relating to the role of the Pakistani Atomic Energy Commission, 1960-1971; the reaction to the announcement by US President Dwight David Eisenhower of the US Atoms for Peace programme, 1953; the potential benefits for Pakistan from the US Atoms for Peace programme, 1953; the use of nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes, 1953-1974; Projects GNOME and SEDAN, Operation PLOWSHARE, a US series of twenty seven underground nuclear tests, Nevada Test Site, Colorado, and New Mexico, USA, 1961-1973; the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1957; Pakistan's collaboration with Canada for the purchase and construction of their first nuclear reactor, 1965; the Indian nuclear development programme, [1955]-1974; ; the detonation of the first Chinese nuclear weapon, Lop Nor, People's Republic of China, Oct 1964; the Indo-Pakistan War and its impact on Pakistan's nuclear development programme, 1965; the decision taken by Pakistan not to become a signatory of the Non-Proliferation Treaty, 1968; the detonation of India's first nuclear device, Rajasthan Desert, India, May 1974; speculation on future nuclear proliferation, [1989]; Usmani's departure from Pakistan following differences with Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, President of Pakistan, 1971-1973.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/1-10/20]
Interview transcripts,
UK, 1986-1989.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/1]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with ACM Sir Kenneth (Brian Boyd) Cross, Air Officer Commanding in Chief, RAF Bomber Command, 1959-1963, relating to the US reaction to the launch of the Soviet Sputnik I and Sputnik II Earth orbiting satellites, Oct and Nov 1957; the relationship between RAF Bomber Command and the Strategic Air Command (SAC), USAF, 1959-1963; the cancellation of the US Douglas Skybolt Air Launched Ballistic Missile (ALBM) programme, [1960]; the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 1958-1963.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/2]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Rt Hon Denis Winston Healey, Secretary of State for Defence, 1964-1970, and Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1974-1979, relating to the permanent basing of US troops in western Europe, 1950; the strategic doctrine of massive retaliation and the Defence White Paper, 1957; the foundation of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 1958; the Nassau Agreement between US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Prime Minister Rt Hon (Maurice) Harold Macmillan, on the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) as the UK independent nuclear deterrent, Nassau, New Providence Islands, the Bahamas, Caribbean, Dec 1962; the escalation in the deployment of tactical nuclear weapons in western Europe, 1961-1962; the adoption by the USA and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of the strategic policy of flexible response, 1961 and 1967; the election of Richard Milhous Nixon to the US Presidency, and the adoption, under Dr Henry (Alfred) Kissinger, US National Security Adviser, 1969-1973, and US Secretary of State, 1973-1977, of the policy of détente with the USSR, 1969-1975; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1969-1972, and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I (SALT I), May 1972; the speech by Helmut (Heinrich Waldemar) Schmidt, Chancellor, Federal Republic of Germany, to the International Institute of Strategic Studies, London, on the consequences of the planned US deployment of General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles on German territory ('Euro-strategic missiles'), 7 Oct 1977.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/3]
1987 Nov 4
Typescript transcript of interview with Rt Hon Michael Ray Dibdin Heseltine, Secretary of State for Defence, 1983-1986, relating to the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament's (CND) opposition to the US deployment of Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) to the UK, and to the adoption by the UK of the Lockheed UGM-93B Trident II D5 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) system, 1982-1983; the General Election, Jun 1983; speculation on the forthcoming signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988; NATO's (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) strategy of flexible response, 1987.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/4]
1987 Nov 4
Typescript transcript of interview with Sir Arthur (Patrick) Hockaday, Assistant Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence, 1969-1972, relating to NATO's (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) strategy of flexible response, 1987; the NATO Nuclear Planning Group, 1977-1987; the US development and deployment in western Europe of the MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missile, 1978-1983, and the General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missile (GLCM), 1978-1984; speculation on the forthcoming signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/5]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Brig Kenneth Hunt, Specialist Adviser, House of Commons Defence Committee, 1971-1984, relating to the deployment by NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of atomic artillery ammunition, 1955-1965; the development by the UK of tactical nuclear weapons, [1955-1965]; the reality of the perceived Soviet threat to western Europe, [1955-1965]; the adoption by the USA and NATO of the strategic policy of flexible response, 1961 and 1967; the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 1958-1965; the purpose of the UK's independent nuclear deterrent, [1989].
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/6]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Rt Hon Alun Arthur Gwynne Jones, Baron Chalfont, Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1964-1970, and UK Representative to the West European Union, 1969-1970, relating to the impact in the UK of the US Atoms for Peace programme, 1953; the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1957; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968; the British reaction to the detonation of the first Chinese nuclear weapon, Lop Nor, People's Republic of China, Oct 1964; the detonation of India's first nuclear device, Rajasthan Desert, India, May 1974; Operation BABYLON, the Israeli air attack on the Osirak nuclear research reactor, Al Tuwaitha, Iraq, 7 Jun 1981.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/7]
1989 Mar 24
Typescript transcript of interview with Roger Mellor Makins, 1st Baron Sherfield, Ambassador to the USA, 1953-1956, Joint Permanent Secretary at the Treasury, 1956-1959, and Chairman, UK Atomic Energy Agency, 1960-1964, relating to the US Atoms for Peace programme, 1953; the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1957; the provision by the UK of technical assistance to Commonwealth countries embarking on nuclear programmes, [1953-1965]; the British reaction to the detonation of the first Chinese nuclear weapon, Lop Nor, People's Republic of China, Oct 1964; the detonation of India's first nuclear device, Rajasthan Desert, India, May 1974; Operation BABYLON, the Israeli air attack on the Osirak nuclear research reactor, Al Tuwaitha, Iraq, 7 Jun 1981; British concerns on the possible use of nuclear weapons by US forces during the Korean War, 1950-1953; the inauguration of the Cyrus nuclear reactor, Trombay, India, 1961; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968; the role of Rt Hon Ernest Bevin, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, 1945-1951, in securing the involvement of the USA in the defence of western Europe, 1947-1949; the impact of the US Atomic Energy Act (the MacMahon Act), ending nuclear co-operation between the USA and the UK, 1946; the detonation of the first British thermonuclear weapon, Operation GRAPPLE, Malden Island, Line Islands, Pacific Ocean, May 1957; the reaction in Washington DC, USA, to the news of the detonation of the atomic bomb, Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the Bernard Mannes Baruch report, to the United Nations (UN) Atomic Energy Commission, on outlawing atomic war, 1946; the arrest of Dr Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs, a nuclear physicist, for passing atomic secrets to the USSR, 1950; the Cuban missile crisis, Oct 1962.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/8]
1987 Nov 4
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Sir Ronald Mason, Chief Scientific Adviser, Ministry of Defence, 1977-1983, relating to negotiations between Prime Minister Rt Hon (Leonard) James Callaghan, and US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter, on modernising the British independent nuclear deterrent by replacing the Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) system with the Lockheed UGM-93B Trident II D5 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) system, Guadeloupe, Caribbean, 1979; speculation on the possibility of creating a European nuclear deterrent in the future by collaboration between the UK and France, [1987].
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/9]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Rt Hon Sir John (William Frederic) Nott, Secretary of State for Defence, 1981-1983, relating to the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-93B Trident II D5 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM), Mar 1982; the existence and purpose of a British independent nuclear deterrent, [1989]; the reformist policies of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, 1985-1991, and President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1988-1991; the summit meeting between Gorbachev and US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, Reykjavik, Iceland, Nov 1986; the possibility of the inclusion of British and French independent nuclear weapons in arms control negotiations between the USA and the USSR, [1989]; NATO's (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) strategy of flexible respnse, [1989]; the future of US/Soviet arms control negotiations, [1989].
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/10]
[1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Sir Rudolf (Ernst) Peierls, Professor of Mathematics and Physics, University of Bern, Switzerland, 1937-1963, Physicist, Manhattan Project, 1943-1946, Professor of Physics, Oxford University and Fellow, New College, Oxford, 1963-1974, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; nuclear research in the UK, 1938-1943; the Maud Report, produced by British scientists convinced that the development of a viable nuclear weapon was possible, Jul 1941; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the TRINITY Atomic Test, the detonation of the first atomic bomb, Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, Alamogordo Desert, New Mexico, USA, 16 Jul 1945; the reaction to the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the arrest of Dr Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs, a nuclear physicist, for passing atomic secrets to the USSR, 1950.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/11]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Sir Richard (Royle) Powell, Deputy Secretary and Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Defence, 1950-1959, and Permanent Secretary, Board of Trade, 1960-1968, relating to the impact of the US Atomic Energy Act (the MacMahon Act), ending nuclear co-operation between the USA and the UK, 1946; the development of the British atomic bomb, 1946-1952; the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Lisbon Conference, Portugal, 1952; the detonation of the first British nuclear weapon, Operation HURRICANE, Trimouille Island, Monte Bello Islands, Western Australia, Oct 1952; detonation of the first US hydrogen bomb, Operation IVY, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, Nov 1952; the reality of the perceived Soviet threat to western Europe, [1955-1965]; the detonation of the first British thermonuclear weapon, Operation GRAPPLE, Malden Island, Line Islands, Pacific Ocean, May 1957; the launch of the Soviet Sputnik I and Sputnik II Earth orbiting satellites, Oct and Nov 1957; the Defence White Paper, 1957; the appointment of Gen Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle as President of France, 1958; the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 1958-1963; the Nassau Agreement between US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Prime Minister Rt Hon (Maurice) Harold Macmillan, on the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) as the UK independent nuclear deterrent, Nassau, New Providence Islands, the Bahamas, Caribbean, Dec 1962.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/12]
1986 Mar 3
Typescript transcript of interview with Sir Denis Hubert Fletcher Rickett, Member of War Cabinet secretariat, 1939-1942, Principal Private Secretary to Rt Hon Oliver Lyttleton, Minister of War Production, 1943-1944, Special Assistant to Rt Hon Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, HM Ambassador, Washington DC, USA, 1945, Personal Assistant to Rt Hon Sir John Anderson, Lord President of the Council and Minister in charge of 'Tube alloys' (cover name for the atomic research programme), 1945-1947, Principal Private Secretary to Prime Minister Rt Hon Clement Richard Attlee, 1950-1951, relating to the Maud Report, produced by British scientists convinced that the development of a viable nuclear weapon was possible, Jul 1941; the first Quebec Conference (codenamed QUADRANT), attended by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Prime Minister Rt Hon Winston (Leonard Spencer) Churchill, Quebec, Canada, 17-24 Aug 1943; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; negotiations with the USA on the continuance of Anglo-US nuclear co-operation, Nov 1945; the Bernard Mannes Baruch report, to the United Nations (UN) Atomic Energy Commission, on outlawing atomic war, Jun 1946; the Acheson-Lilienthal Report on international control of atomic power, 1946.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/13]
1986 Mar 3
Typescript transcript of interview with Sir Denis Hubert Fletcher Rickett, Member of War Cabinet secretariat, 1939-1942, Principal Private Secretary to Rt Hon Oliver Lyttleton, Minister of War Production, 1943-1944, Special Assistant to Rt Hon Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, HM Ambassador, Washington DC, USA, 1945, Personal Assistant to Rt Hon Sir John Anderson, Lord President of the Council and Minister in charge of 'Tube alloys' (cover name for the atomic research programme), 1945-1947, Principal Private Secretary to Prime Minister Rt Hon Clement Richard Attlee, 1950-1951, relating to the Maud Report, produced by British scientists convinced that the development of a viable nuclear weapon was possible, Jul 1941; the first Quebec Conference (codenamed QUADRANT), attended by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Prime Minister Rt Hon Winston (Leonard Spencer) Churchill, Quebec, Canada, 17-24 Aug 1943; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; negotiations with the USA on the continuance of Anglo-US nuclear co-operation, Nov 1945; the Bernard Mannes Baruch report, to the United Nations (UN) Atomic Energy Commission, on outlawing atomic war, Jun 1946; the Acheson-Lilienthal Report on international control of atomic power, 1946. Copy of 10/12
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/14]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Sir Frank (Kenyon) Roberts, Ambassador to the USSR, 1960-1962, Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany, 1963-1968, and President, British Atlantic Committee, 1968-1981, relating to the role of Rt Hon Ernest Bevin, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, 1945-1951, in securing the involvement of the USA in the defence of western Europe, 1947-1949; the influence of the outbreak of the Korean War, 25 Jun 1950, on the permanent basing of US troops in western Europe, 1950; the development of the British atomic bomb, 1946-1952; the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Lisbon Conference, Portugal, 1952; the commitment by the UK to permanently garrison troops in Europe, 1954; the rearmament of the Federal Republic of Germany and incorporation into the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, 1954; the launch of the Soviet Sputnik I and Sputnik II Earth orbiting satellites, Oct and Nov 1957; the appointment of Gen Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle as President of France, 1958; the Nassau Agreement between US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Prime Minister Rt Hon (Maurice) Harold Macmillan, on the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) as the UK independent nuclear deterrent, Nassau, New Providence Islands, the Bahamas, Caribbean, Dec 1962.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/15]
1986 Mar 21
Typescript transcript of interview with Sir Frank (Kenyon) Roberts, Ambassador to Yugoslavia, 1954-1957, to the USSR, 1960-1962, and to the Federal Republic of Germany, 1963-1968, relating to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, 7 Dec 1941, and the subsequent participation of the USA in World War Two, 1941-1945; the Warsaw Rising, Poland, Aug-Oct 1944; the Yalta Conference (codenamed ARGONAUT), attended by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Soviet President Josef Vissarionovich Stalin and Prime Minister Rt Hon Winston (Leonard Spencer) Churchill, Yalta, Crimea, USSR, 4-11 Feb 1945; the development of strategic bombing of enemy centres of population, [1936]-1945; the impact of the use, by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 6 and 9 Aug 1945; the Berlin airlift, Germany, 1948-1949; the appointment of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, 1953; the impact in the UK to the announcement of the Truman Doctrine, the provision of US military and economic aid for any country threatened by Communism, Mar 1947, and the Marshall Plan, the US Foreign Assistance Act to aid European Recovery after World War Two, 1948; the Communist coup d'etat in Czechoslovakia, Feb 1948.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/16]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Joseph Rotblat, Research Fellow, Radiological Laboratory, Scientific Society of Warsaw, Poland, 1933-1939, Assistant Director of Atomic Physics, Institute of Free University of Poland, 1937-1939, Oliver Lodge Fellowship, University of Liverpool, Lancashire, 1939, worked on the development of an atomic bomb, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, 1940-1942, and on the Manhattan Project, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1944, Director of Research in Nuclear Physics, University of Liverpool, 1945-1949, Professor of Physics, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, University of London, 1950-1976, and Nobel Peace Laureate, 1995, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; atomic research in the UK, 1939-1942; the Maud Report, produced by British scientists convinced that the development of a viable nuclear weapon was possible, Jul 1941; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; Rotblat's decision to leave the Manhattan Project, 1944; the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/17]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Reverend Donald Oliver Soper, Baron Soper, Methodist Minister and Superintendent of the West London Mission, 1936-1978, and member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 1958-[1989], relating to the foundation of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 1958; speculation on the connection between the foundation of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and the detonation of the first British thermonuclear weapon, Operation GRAPPLE, Malden Island, Line Islands, Pacific Ocean, May 1957; the perceived political, moral and military reasons for the UK's deployment of an independent nuclear deterrent, 1958-1989; the deployment of US tactical nuclear weapons in western Europe, [1955-1962].
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/18]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Dr Edward Palmer Thompson, author and member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), [1988], relating to the summit meeting between Chancellor Helmut (Heinrich Waldemar) Schmidt, Federal Republic of Germany, Prime Minister Rt Hon (Leonard) James Callaghan, US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter and French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Guadeloupe, Caribbean, 1979; the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II) on agreed limits on the numbers and testing of new types of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM), Jun 1979; the US development and deployment of the MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missile, 1978-1983, and the General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missile (GLCM), 1978-1984; US Presidential Directive 59 (PD 59) on the development of the US counter force strategy, of attacking an enemy's nuclear and military forces instead of centres of population or economic targets, in order to deter an enhanced Soviet first strike capability, Jul 1980; the policies of James (Rodney) Schlesinger, US Secretary of Defense, 1973-1975; the speech by Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, Federal Republic of Germany, to the International Institute of Strategic Studies, London, on the consequences of the planned US deployment of General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles on German territory ('Euro-strategic missiles'), 7 Oct 1977; US development of the 'neutron bomb', a thermonuclear enhanced radiation tactical nuclear weapon [1974-1978]; the Soviet deployment of the SS-20 'Saber' Mobile Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), 1974-1977; the adoption by the USA and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of the strategic policy of flexible response, 1961 and 1967.
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/19]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Rt Hon George Kenneth Hotson Younger, Secretary of State for Defence, 1986-1989, relating to the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988; the possibility of the future removal of tactical nuclear weapons from Europe, [1989]; the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START I) between the USA and the USSR, 1982-1991; the possibility of the inclusion of British and French independent nuclear weapons in arms control negotiations between the USA and the USSR, [1989]; the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-93B Trident II D5 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM), Mar 1982; the existence and purpose of a British independent nuclear deterrent, [1989]; the deployment of US tactical nuclear weapons on West German territory, [1989]; the reformist policies of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, 1985-1991, and President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1988-1991; the announcement by Rt Hon Sir (Richard Edward) Geoffrey Howe, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, [1989], of the withdrawal by NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of conventional forces in Europe to match Soviet reductions announced by Gorbachev to the United Nations (UN), New York, USA, 7 Dec 1988; the future of US/Soviet arms control negotiations, [1989].
[NUCLEARAGE: 10/20]
[1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Solly Zuckerman, Baron Zuckerman of Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, Chief Science Adviser to the Secretary of State for Defence, 1960-1966, and Chief Science Adviser to HM Government, 1964-1971, relating to the development of the British atomic bomb, 1946-1952; the impact of the US Atomic Energy Act (the MacMahon Act), ending nuclear co-operation between the USA and the UK, 1946; the Nassau Agreement between US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Prime Minister Rt Hon (Maurice) Harold Macmillan, on the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) as the UK independent nuclear deterrent, Nassau, New Providence Islands, the Bahamas, Caribbean, Dec 1962.
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