Gain an integrated approach to physiotherapy education and clinical practice. This programme has a strong focus on professional and lifelong learning skills, physiotherapy process and practice, as well as relevant basic scientific disciplines. Successful completion confers eligibility for state registration to practice physiotherapy and full membership of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy.
KEY BENEFITS
- Europe’s largest centre for medical and professional healthcare education and the only university to host six Medical Research Council centres.
- Internationally renowned scientists and clinical practitioners.
- Teaching by internationally renowned scientists and clinicians from major London teaching hospitals.
- Ranked highest for teaching quality of all London university physiotherapy courses by NHS London.
UCAS code
B160
Programme type
Single honours
Duration
Three years
Location
Guy's Campus
Accreditation
Eligibility to apply for state registration as a physiotherapist.
Year of entry 2014
Offered by
School of Medicine
Department of Physiotherapy
Closing date
Please refer to the
UCAS website for application deadline dates, or contact the relevant Admissions Office for further advice
Fees & funding
For information on fees and funding for undergraduate programmes at King's go to
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/ug/funding/
CONTACTS
Address
King’s College London
Hodgkin Building
Guy’s Campus
London SE1 1UL
Email
Tel
020 7848 6511
Fax
020 7848 6510
PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION
Physiotherapy is the largest allied health profession. Physiotherapists work with people with a variety of disabilities and their families/carers and use physical means to promote health, optimal rehabilitation and, where possible, recovery. The wide scope of physiotherapy is one of its assets, making it an exciting and varied career. Physiotherapists practice as autonomous professionals, when acting as the first point of contact for clients/patients, or as part of a health or social care team.
The aim of the Physiotherapy BSc programme is to produce physiotherapists who are scientifically-oriented clinicians with transferable intellectual and practical skills. This will allow them to be lifelong learners in response to the dynamic nature of the healthcare professions. The programme confers eligibility for state registration to practice physiotherapy and full membership of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy.
The curriculum has been redeveloped recently with the aim of making more explicit NHS priorities and the professional skills required to address them in contemporary physiotherapy practice.
The Physiotherapy Division has a strong research profile, gaining the highest research rating in the UK for physiotherapy in all the Research Assessment Exercises (RAE) undertaken so far. The role of research in physiotherapy and the importance of evidence-based practice is emphasised throughout the programme and students gain experience of a wide range of research methods.
In order to receive a licence to practice, students have to complete a minimum of 1,000 clinical hours. Therefore at the end of each of the first two years, and during the third year, the theoretical content is consolidated by practice-based education at placement sites. These placements are within a variety of environments, ranging from large teaching hospitals to small special schools within the community. The majority of placements are in Greater London, but students may be placed throughout south-east England.
The BSc programme normally has approximately 36 NHS sponsored places available for UK and EU residents. For UK/EU students, the tuition fees for this programme are covered by the Department of Health. UK students can apply for a means-tested NHS bursary towards living expenses, and are also eligible to apply for a reduced student loan through their local education authority. Other EU nationals will have their tuition fees paid by the NHS, but will not normally be eligible for NHS bursaries or student loans. We have a limited number of places for overseas applicants. For more information on fee classification, please contact us.
Re-sit policy
AS/A level results must be achieved over the normal two year period (eg year 12 and 13). Re-sit applicants (ie those who take longer to achieve the appropriate grades) will be at a disadvantage. This policy is flexible if extenuating circumstances are reported.
Qualification lifespan
We generally consider qualifications to have a lifespan of five years. We recommend that applicants with qualifications that meet the entry criteria but which were achieved more than five years ago provide evidence of recent study. This is typically an A-level grade A in a related subject such as Human Biology. These criteria may be relaxed for applicants with work-related qualifications or who work in a science-related field.
ABOUT THE Department of Physiotherapy
CAREERS
Successful completion of the BSc programme confers eligibility for state registration to practise. This enables you to practise as a physiotherapist in a wide variety of environments and is mandatory for employment within the NHS. You will also be eligible for full membership of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Recent graduates have found employment as…. • Physiotherapist, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust • Physiotherapist, Medway Foundation Trust • Physiotherapist, Scope • Physiotherapist, Dartford Football Club • Consultant, Accenture
TEACHING STYLE
Physiotherapy students at King’s are offered excellent learning experiences in both College and practice settings. The programme is designed to match the needs of the modern ever-changing health sector. We work closely with a network of clinical colleagues, primarily in the NHS. These partnerships are a strength of the programme, ensuring that both its delivery and development are practice-led. Clinicians from local hospitals also provide some of the in-College clinical teaching. Alongside the provision of optimum conditions for practice-based learning, we strongly encourage students to develop the ability to make decisions based on current research evidence. All teaching is informed by research.
STRUCTURE OF PROGRAMMES & ASSESSMENT
Each of the three years of the Physiotherapy BSc has a theme that builds on the previous years. The foundation studies in year one are developed into the study of disability in year two, and the aim of year three is to integrate all this learning in a more reflective manner. The degree also includes an innovative interprofessional education programme, in which all healthcare professional students of the College take part. Students complete a minimum of 1,000 hours of clinical practice, to consolidate the programme’s theoretical content. These placements are located in south-east England and range from large teaching hospitals to small community clinics, special schools or private practices. Assessments include written examinations, multiple choice examinations, short answer or prior disclosure questions, coursework and practical examinations both within the College and in clinical environments.
LOCATION
Our modern, well-funded teaching facilities include dedicated physiotherapy practical rooms. As a large multifaculty university, we have excellent social and sporting facilities, but a key attraction is our central London location. Our three campuses along the River Thames are located in the cultural and social heart of the capital and offer our students the opportunity to explore art galleries, theatres, museums, markets, restaurants and cafés.
Currently, students study this programme structure. King's reviews its programmes on a regular basis, in order to continue to offer innovative and exciting learning opportunities and this information is therefore subject to change. Please check here for updates, or contact the School/Department for further advice.
YEAR 1
A key module focuses on provision of client-centred, responsive services where client choice is paramount. Communication skills are developed progressively both in physiotherapy and interprofessional learning activities.
A further two modules introduce concepts of decision making in practice, encourage the development of a variety of professional skills, and emphasise profession-specific knowledge and skill in the science of human movement.
Three modules introduce client problems of musculo-skeletal, neurological and cardio-respiratory origin and the scientific knowledge needed to understand them.
YEAR 1 CORE
Providing Client-Focussed Care
Preparation for Practice
Movement & Exercise
Understanding Musculo-skeletal Problems
Understanding Cardio-respiratory Problems
Understanding Neurological Problems
YEAR 2
Issues of effective and needs-related service are addressed in a module that draws upon knowledge of lifespan development and the full range of methods of investigation. Professional skills are developed further and applied in reflective practice activities. Knowledge and understanding of human movement is developed in a module devoted to neuroscience.
All these concepts are applied in modules that advance understanding of the rehabilitation needs of clients in various rehabilitation contexts spinal care, cardio-respiratory care and pulmonary rehabilitation, and neuro-rehabilitation.
YEAR 2 CORE
Providing Effective & Needs-Related Service
Preparation for Practice 2
Spinal Pain
Cardio-respiratory Care & Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Neuroscience & Rehabilitation
YEAR 3
A key module considers development of service provision in the NHS of today and the rights and needs of various client groups. Understanding of psychosocial, ethical and legal issues pertaining to practice is extended in student directed activities.
Development of practical, reflective, evaluative and interpersonal skills at an advanced level is encouraged and the process of integrating theory with practice extended further.
The challenge of working with clients with complex problems, who are encountered in the full range of acute and community services, is explored in depth. In addition, students evaluate their own performance and the outcome of treatment through an examination of research processes.
YEAR 3 CORE
Preparation for Practice 3A
Preparation for Practice 3B
Research in Physiotherapy Practice
Working Optimally in the NHS of Today
Research in Practice
Physiotherapy & Integrated Care
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
Australia
Tertiary Entrance Ranking
96+ ATAR, or an OP of band 3 for Queensland including Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Austria
Reifezeugnis (Matura)
Reifezeugnis with 1 including 1 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Belgium
Certificat D
Certificat D’Enseignement Secondaire Superieur/Diplma van Secundair Onderwijs with 8/10 or 17/20 including 8 or 17 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Brazil
Brazil
Leaving Certificate (Certificado de Ensino Médio) with 8 OR B OR Muito Bom PLUS at least one year of Bacharel/Licenciado at a Brazilian University with a GPA of at least 8.0 OR the King’s College London International Foundation Programme OR 3 A-levels with grades of AAB. Including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Bulgaria
School Leaving Certificate
Diploma za Sredno Obrazovanie with the majority of subject marks of 5.5 including 5.5 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Canada
Secondary School Certificate/Diploma
High School Certificate/Diploma with 85% OR Ontario University Preparatory Course with 85% at five grade 12 4U subjects including two subjects from the following: Biology/Human Biology, Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education and Mathematics. The sixth subject may be at 4U or 4U/C level. OR the Quebec CEGEP Cote R with an overall R score of 31. Biology required and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Chile
Chile
Licencia de Educación Media with 6 PLUS at least one year of the Licenciatura at a Chilean university with a mark of 5 OR the Kings College London International Foundation Programme OR 3 A-levels with grades of AAB. Including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
China
Gao Kao (University Entrance Examination)
University Entrance Examination including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics plus at least a foundation/Access year or one year of undergraduate study at a Chinese university with at least 80%
Cyprus
Apolytirion
Apolytirion (School Leaving Certificate) with 18 including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Czech Republic
Maturita
Maturita with 1 including 1 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Denmark
Studentereksamen or Hjere Forberedelseseksamen
Studentereksamen or Højere Forberedelseseksamen with 10 including 10 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Estonia
Gmnaasiumi lputunnistus (Secondary School Leaving Certificate)
Gümnaasiumi lõputunnistus with majority marks of 5 (including 5 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Finland
Ylioppilastutkinto/Studentexamen (National Matriculation)
Ylioppilastutkinto with 6 including 6 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
France
Baccalaureat (including the option internationale baccalaureat)
The Baccalaureat with 13/20 overall and 13 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Germany
Abitur
Abitur with 1.5 overall including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Ghana
School Leaving Certificate
the West African Senior School Certificate (WASSC/WASSCE) PLUS 3 international Cambridge-board A levels at AAB including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Greece
Apolytirion
Apolytirion with 18 including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Hong Kong
No information found.
Hungary
Erettsegi
Erettsegi with 5 including 5 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
India
School Leaving Certificate
School Leaving Certificate with 85% overall OR School Leaving Certificate with 75% including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Iran
School Leaving Certificate
Pre-University Certificate (Peeshdaneshgahe) OR the National Entrance Exam (Kunkur) with 16 OR 3 Cambridge A levels at AAB. All including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Ireland
Irish Leaving Certificate (Higher level unless otherwise stated)
A1 A1 A1 A2 B1 B1 including Biology and preferably at least one from: Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education and Mathematics . English language and Mathematics will be looked for with high grades at Ordinary level if not at Higher level.
Italy
Esame di Stato
Esame di Stato with 90 including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Japan
School Leaving Certificate
Upper Secondary School Leaving Certificate (Kotogakko Sotsugyo Shomeisho) PLUS 3 Cambridge Board International A-levels at AAB OR an Associate degree or Diploma from a Junior College (Jun-Gakushi) with a GPA of 3.3 or B+ or 4 OR a foundation year. Including Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Latvia
Atestats par visparejo videjo izglitibu (Certificate of General Secondary Education)
Atestats par visparejo videjo izglitibu with 8 including high marks in in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics with at least a foundation/Access year or a year of undergraduate study at a Latvian university
Lithuania
Brandos Atestatas (Maturity Certificate)
Brandos Atestatas with 90 including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Luxembourg
Diplome de Fin D
Diplome de Fin D’Etudes Secondaires with Tres bien including Tres bien in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Malta
Matriculation Certificate - Advanced level
Matriculation Certificate with AAB including Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Mexico
Mexico
The Bachillerato with a mark of 8 PLUS the King’s College London International Foundation Programme OR at least one year of the Licenciado study with an overall average mark of at least 8/10 OR A-levels with grades of AAB in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Moldova
School Leaving Certificate
Diploma de Bacalaureat with 9 including 9 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Netherlands
Diploma Voorbereidend Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs (VWO)
VWO with 7.5 including 7.5 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
New Zealand
National Certificate of Educational Achievement Level 3 (NCEA)
The NCEA level 3 with E in the majority of standards/modules in four subjects including Excellent in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Nigeria
School Leaving Certificate
The Senior School Certificate (SSC/SSCE) OR the West African Senior School Certificate (WASSC/WASSCE) PLUS 3 Cambridge International A levels at AAB including Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Norway
Vitnemal-videregaende opplaering (Upper Secondary Leaving Certificate)
Vitnemal-videregaende opplaering grade 5 including 5 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Pakistan
High School Certificate (HSSC)
High School Certificate with A including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics with at least a foundation/Access year or a year of undergraduate study at a Pakistani university
Poland
Matura
Matura with 80% in extended level subjects, including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Portugal
Diploma de Ensino Secundário
Diploma de Ensino Secundário with 18 including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Romania
School Leaving Certificate
Diploma de Bacalaureat with 8 including 8 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Russia
Attest o (Polnom) Srednem Obrazovanii (Certificate of Secondary Education)
Attest o (Polnom) Srednem Obshchem Obrazovanii with an average of 4.5 including 5 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics with at least a foundation/Access year or a year of undergraduate study at a Russian university
Saudi Arabia
School Leaving Certificate
College of Technology Diploma OR Higher Technical Institute Diploma OR Junior Health College Diploma OR Undergraduate Diploma with 85% OR 3 Cambridge International A levels at AAB including Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Singapore
Singapore A Level
AAB in three content-based H2 subjects (including Biology). Knowledge and Inquiry is not considered as part of the offer. Preferred subjects: Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education and Mathematics
Slovakia
Vysvedcenie Maturitnej Skuska/Maturita
Vysvedcenie Maturitnej Skuske/Maturita with 2 including 2 in two subjects from the following: Biology/Human Biology, Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education and Mathematics
Slovenia
Maturitetno Spricevalo (Secondary School Leaving Certificate)
Maturitetno Spricevalo with 5 including 5 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
South Africa
South African Senior Certificate/National Senior Certificate with Matriculation endorsement
The National Senior Certificate with Matriculation endorsement with AAABB including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Spain
Titulo de Bachiller
Titulo de Bachiller with 8 overall including 8 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Sweden
Fullständigt Slutbetyg (School Leaving Certificate)
Fullstandigt Slutbeytg with MVG including MVG in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Switzerland
Federal Maturity Certificate
Federal Maturity Certificate with an overall mark of 5 including 5 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
Turkey
Lise Diplomasi (High School Diploma)
Lise Diplomasi with an overall mark of 4 including high marks in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics with at least a foundation/Access year or a year of undergraduate study at a Turkish university
United Kingdom
A levels
AAB
Compulsory subjects
AAB including Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics. Also a minimum of 8 GCSEs predominantly at A grades or above which should include Biology (or Integrated or Combined Sciences), English Language and Mathematics in one sitting
General Studies and Critical Thinking - College policy
Please note that AS/A level General Studies and Critical Thinking are not accepted by King's as one of your A or AS levels. However, if offered the grade achieved may be taken into account when considering whether or not to accept a candidate who has just fallen short of the conditions of their offer
Access to HE Diploma
Access to Science (or similar) Diploma including study of Biology at Level 3 with 33 Level 3 credits from units awarded at Distinction, with the remaining credits at Merit. Supplementary information and achievement e.g marks for certain credits/subjects may be required depending on course content. Selectors will be looking for top grades in Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics. Also a minimum of 8 GCSEs required predominantly at A grades or above which should include Biology (or Integrated or Combined Sciences), English Language and Mathematics in one sitting
Cambridge Pre-U
3 Pre-U Principal Subjects with grades of D3 D3 M2 including Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics. Also a minimum of 8 GCSEs predominantly at A grades or above which should include Biology (or Integrated or Combined Sciences), English Language and Mathematics in one sitting
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma
Considered on an individual basis
Scottish Highers & Advanced Highers
AAABB at Higher and AB at Advanced Higher including Biology, and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics. Standard Credit grade1 or 2/Intermediate 2 in Mathematics, Biology/Science and English also looked for if not taken at Higher/AH.
International Baccalaureate
35 points and HL 665 including Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics. Also a minimum of 8 GCSEs predominantly at A grades or above which should include Biology (or Integrated or Combined Sciences), English Language and Mathematics in one sitting
European Baccalaureate
80% overall including 8 in Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
USA
Advanced Placement Tests and/or SAT/ACT (SAT/ACT acceptable only where stipulated)
Three AP subjects with 554 including Biology and preferably at least one subject from Chemistry, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Physical Education or Mathematics
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
Aptitude testing
No test required
NON ACADEMIC REQUIREMENTS
Scholastic activities
We hope to attract applicants who participate in any scholastic activity, e.g. general reading, debating, theological interests etc.
Community activities
We hope to attract applicants who have participated in school, college or community life, making the most of the opportunities available to them and also demonstrated some experience of society beyond their immediate environment.
General activities/interests
We hope to attract applicants who have varied extra-curricular interests and enjoy active participation in areas such as sport, music and the arts in general. Any participation is valued and any achievement in extra-curricula activities will be particularly recognised. King’s aspires to attract applicants who will continue with their personal interests and contribute to the vitality of the College community.
Work shadowing/observation
We look for applicants who have a realistic understanding of what a career as a Physiotherapist involves. We would normally expect applicants to have undertaken some work shadowing or observation with a Physiotherapist.
Paid or voluntary work
We look for applicants who have made a voluntary contribution to their community, e.g. volunteer in a care home. From community and general activities or work, we look for evidence that applicants have the transferable skills appropriate for a physiotherapist, such as having worked in a setting where they can interact with the general public.
Specific employment requirement
All offers of a place are made subject to a satisfactory enhanced Disclosure and Barring Service (previously known as Criminal Records Bureau) check and Occupational Health Clearance.
Interviewing
Offers will be made based on information in the UCAS application and performance in an interview.
If you are interested in coming to King’s, you should apply through the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) and apply online via the UCAS website (click on 'apply'). If you are applying through a school or college, you will need to obtain a 'buzzword' from the centre you are applying through. Alternatively, you can apply as an individual, independent of a school or college. Please see the UCAS website for instructions. The UCAS institution code name for King’s is KCL, and the institution code is K60.
There are a few programmes which require direct application to King's, this will be stated above
Offers will be made based on information on the UCAS form and performance in an interview. Your personal statement should demonstrate your knowledge of the scope of physiotherapy practice and indicate appropriate skills required by a health care professional. The degree programme leads to a professional health qualification and so entry to the programme is subject to satisfactory occupational health clearance and Disclosure and Barring Service (formerly CRB) clearance at the enhanced level. Once your application has been received by King's, if we require any further information regarding your academic qualifications, or any other aspect of your application, then the Health Schools Admissions Centre may contact you by email to request this.