Whether you call them wild boar or feral pigs, they’re here and the current policy doesn’t work for anyone. It’s time for a serious conversation about their future in Scotland and across Britain.
Toryn Whitehead, Department of Geography
09 March 2026
Experts warn Scotland faces rising risks and missed opportunities from growing feral pig populations
A new policy brief warns that in the absence of a coordinated national approach, Scotland’s expanding feral pig populations pose rising agricultural risks, while missing opportunities for nature recovery.
The researchers say the Scottish Government’s hands-off approach to the animals leaves agricultural businesses exposed to significant damage while failing to capitalise on ecological benefits that the animals may bring.
The lead author of the policy brief said that Scotland needs a new approach.
The brief proposes three key actions: establishing a national forum to guide future policy; creating a comprehensive monitoring system; and improving national biosecurity infrastructure.
Wild boar are historically native to Scotland, but today’s populations are categorised as feral pigs because of the illicit nature of their return and evidence of genetic hybridisation.
However, genomic research from Europe suggests that it is difficult to draw clear boundaries between pure and hybrid wild boar.
The brief notes that these animals can contribute to biodiversity by disturbing soil and creating new habitats - but also warns that, at high densities, they can threaten local biodiversity, including the degradation of sensitive habitats.
Farmers have also reported damage to pasture and crops, yet no financial or practical support mechanisms currently exist.
Biosecurity is an additional concern. Recent African Swine Fever outbreaks in mainland Europe, along with renewed foot-and-mouth cases, highlight the potential threat these diseases pose should they reach the UK.
Co-author Dr Kieran O’Mahony contrasts Scotland’s position with European models.
“In Europe, wild boar management is coordinated through multi-stakeholder frameworks, with populations systematically monitored and managed at landscape scales,” he said. “Scotland has no comparable system.”
