King's College London

The call follows a new consensus statement developed by an expert group of clinicians and researchers from the UK and Ireland, including Dr Sara White from King’s College London.

The statement sets out critical gaps in current knowledge and clear priorities for future research to better support women and their babies.

Dr Sara White, Clinical Senior Lecturer in Women’s Health and Diabetes at King’s and a member of the diabetes and pregnancy team at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, said: “Type 2 diabetes in women of reproductive age is rising, yet evidence to guide safe and effective care across pregnancy is limited.

“From the experience of clinicians and women living with diabetes, we know that being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at a young age increases the risk of serious problems during pregnancy, as well as long-term health problems for both mothers and their babies.

The consensus statement, published in Diabetic Medicine, brings together evidence from three large systematic reviews, alongside expert and audience discussion from the Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference in 2025.

It highlights an urgent need to rethink how care is designed and delivered for this group of women.

Professor Claire Meek, Professor of Chemical Pathology and Diabetes in Pregnancy at the University of Leicester, who receives funding from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), said the lack of evidence leaves both women and clinicians navigating pregnancy with too little support.

She said: “Women with early-onset type 2 diabetes are often managing complex health needs at a young age, yet the systems around them are not designed with that reality in mind.

“We need coordinated, evidence-based care that starts before pregnancy, continues after birth, and recognises the wider social and cultural barriers many women face.”

The group identifies several priority areas where research and service change could make an immediate difference.

These include improving access to preconception care, supporting healthy weight before, during and after pregnancy and strengthening postnatal follow-up to reduce long-term risks such as cardiovascular disease.

The statement also stresses the importance of addressing inequalities linked to deprivation, ethnicity, language barriers and access to healthcare.

Researchers emphasise that listening to women’s experiences must sit at the heart of future work. Many women report feeling judged or stigmatised, poorly informed about pregnancy risks, and unsupported once specialist maternity care ends.

Dr Rita Forde, Senior Lecturer, the School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork added: “By setting out a shared research agenda we hope to accelerate studies co-developed with women and communities that will improve outcomes for these women and their future children.”

The consensus statement calls on funders, policymakers and healthcare leaders to act now, warning that without targeted investment, preventable harms to women and babies will continue to rise alongside the growing prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes.

Researchers belonging to the following institutions contributed to the consensus statement: University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, the University of Leicester, Newcastle University, King’s College London, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, the University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, the University of Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, and in Ireland - University College Cork, and the RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences.