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02 June 2025

Medieval fascination with sin shaped German language and textual production

The relationship between sin and creative literary production in the medieval era are revealed in a new book by Dr Sarah Bowden, Reader in German and Medieval Studies in the Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures.

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In Writing Sin in the German Lands 1050-1215: Confession, Penance and Textuality published by Oxford University Press, Dr Bowden examines how sin and atonement acted as an incentive for textual production and for formal, linguistic and intellectual creativity in the 11th and 12th century in Germany. During this period, the convergence of certain social and cultural conditions led to increased interest both in sin and in opportunities for writing about it experimentally.

Dr Bowden’s research offers a new approach to German-language devotional writing, bringing together the history of penance, literary history and manuscript studies – including texts that have received little scholarly attention.

I’ve enjoyed writing this book enormously! There’s a large body of German-language devotional writing from the eleventh and twelfth centuries which has attracted very little attention in scholarship. But taking this writing seriously changes the way we think about devotion and atonement in the period, as well as what it means to write – and be creative – in the German language.

Dr Sarah Bowden, Reader in German and Medieval Studies

The research offers new angles on questions occupying Middle Age scholars by connecting the history of penance and devotional writing in the European vernaculars. Topics enlightened by new perspectives include the medieval conception of the self in relation to other and to God, the value and function of vernacular writing, the nature of textuality and the relationship between writing, speech, material text, and performance.

Not only does the book clarify aspects of medieval penitential thought and practice, it also highlights new ways of thinking about how German has developed as a literary language. This focus on penitential theology and practice in 11th and 12th century Germany coincides with the beginning of consistent textual production in the German language, with texts being written down in a consistent and vaguely systematic way.

Looking at confession and penance on the one hand and writing in German on the other is mutually illuminating: you can read one area through the other (and vice versa) and come up with all kinds of new perspectives on numerous significant areas of study.

Dr Sarah Bowden, Reader in German and Medieval Studies

Initial research for this book took place in 2018 when Dr Bowden spent a year in Berlin with an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Fellowship for Experienced Researchers.

In this story

Sarah Bowden

Reader in German and Medieval Studies