Prof Jonathan Portes started his career at HM Treasury in 1987 and spent most of his career as a civil servant, serving as Chief Economist at the DWP (2002-08) and Chief Economist at the Cabinet Office (2008-2011). He led the Cabinet Office’s economic analysis and policy work during the financial crisis and on the 2009 G20 London Summit. From 2011 to 2015, he was Director of the National Institute of Economic and Social Research.