Workstream 1: A population-based retrospective cohort study of ED attendances in the last year of life, using linked routine collected data from Hospital Episode Statistics and Civil Registration of Deaths. The aim of this retrospective observational study is to identify patterns and predictors of ED attendance among people with dementia in their last year of life. The objectives are: 1) to examine the frequency re-attendance by people with dementia in the last year of life; 2) to ascertain the reasons for ED attendance among people with dementia in the last year of life; and 3) to identify the predictors of ED attendance and re-attendance by people with dementia in the last year of life. 

Workstream 2: An exploratory interview study of people with dementia and their carers, exploring emergency department attendance and the influence of health and social care access by people with dementia. The aim is to explore the perceived needs and experiences of health and social care for people with dementia and their carers who have or have not attended the ED since dementia diagnosis. Objectives are to explore experiences and perceptions of: 1) the extent to which health and social care services, including the ED, meet individual need and expectation; 2) the availability and proximity of health and social care services, including the ED; and 3) the financial and personal costs of using health and social care services, including the ED.