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King's College London
Society

Children's Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration: Facilitating Arab-European Dialogue

This AHRC-funded project aimed to make European broadcasters, policy-makers, children’s advocacy groups and content producers aware of the urgent, unprecedented, information and entertainment needs shared by hundreds of thousands of young children who have recently fled to Europe from Arab countries and European-born children who have watched them arrive.

Research Context

UNHCR data showed that children made up 51 per cent of the world’s refugees in 2015 and that Syrians formed the world’s largest refugee population; Syrians accounted for half the people crossing the Mediterranean in 2016, while Iraq and Sudan were other Arab countries in the top 10 sources of refugees. In Europe, Germany and Sweden offered by far the largest number of places to fleeing families and separated or unaccompanied children. Thousands of Arabic- speaking families have taken up residence in Germany and Sweden in the last two years, while hundreds of unaccompanied refugee children had found homes in these countries and the UK.

This project, focused on impact and engagement, was supported by research arising from a 3-year-project entitled Orientation in the Development of Pan-Arab Television for Children (ah/1000674/1), which investigated production, distribution and content of screen media for Arab children and their use of it, including use by children of Arab heritage in the UK.

This impact and engagement project was underpinned by findings from all strands of the original research, including the fact Arab children in Europe had been exposed in their home countries not only to real-life crises but an omnipresent, unregulated stream of mediatised atrocities. Media and other bodies in Europe now need to integrate the needs of Arab and other migrant children and families into their forward planning and commissioning. For this to happen effectively, it was necessary to widen media discourse about how child audiences were understood and represented.

Our previous research project pointed to gaps that European media could fill in addressing Arab and other migrant children, whose previous experience of children’s content had been dominated by didacticism, lacking in entertaining formats, and subject to well-intentioned but top-down, stop-go production decisions by ruling elites that had not been suited to nurturing local creativity or building supply chains.

At a time of dwindling budgets for children’s screen content, there were also strong economic reasons for encouraging low-cost innovative and interactive cultural production that involved cross-border collaboration and meets urgent needs.

Engaging on issues of good practice with European stakeholders had potential for influence elsewhere in Europe, promoted learning about citizenship and local social engagement among children whose parents may be experiencing homesickness and disorientation and whose extended families were scattered across countries and continents.

 

Aims

This follow-on project aimed to transfer knowledge gain through research into developments in screen content for Arabic-speaking children in ways that could assist European broadcasters, policy-makers, producers and children’s advocacy groups to better understand the information and entertainment needs shared by young Arabic-speaking children who have fled to Europe from Arab countries.

Our project showed how imaginatively produced screen content for young children could fill worrying gaps in what was currently available to children on all sides of the forced migration flow at a time when young children struggled to make sense of the new environment in which they found themselves.

Our objectives were to use our original AHRC research findings to:

1. Alert European screen content practitioners to the media needs, wants and experiences of young (under 12) Arabic-speaking migrant children and families.

2. Create spaces for critical reflection and dialogue between European cultural gatekeepers who regulate, commission, fund, produce or comment on children’s content and practitioners with experience of children’s media in Arab countries.

3. Help European stakeholders to think through policy, production initiatives, public discourse and professional practice as they seek to ensure that pluralistic and high quality content is available to an increasingly diverse young audience.

4. Identify effective elements of regulation, financing, production and advocacy practice applicable to screen content aimed at young migrant children in Europe.

5. Demonstrate to key European and Arab stakeholders how children’s media rights, articulated in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), are fundamental to children’s future participation as citizens, and prompt further research into how screen media can help migrant children develop their identities in new environments.

6. Raise awareness of the communication needs of migrant children among a wider public.

We sought to achieve objectives 1-3 through three international workshops:

  • One at the 8th Children’s Global Media Summit (CGMS), hosted by BBC MediaCity, Salford, 4 December 2017
  • One at CPH: Dox – Copenhagen International Documentary Film Festival, Copenhagen, 19-20th March 2018
  • One co-organised with the International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI), Munich, Germany, 24 May 2018.

Objectives 4-6 were achieved through a series of briefings and publications based on the workshop, made available here—the project culminated with a symposium in London on 14 September 2018.

You can read more about the workshops and the symposium in the Activity tab.

Network

Our project network aimed to provide a platform for practitioners and researchers working in the fields of Arab children, media, and migration.

You can read more about it on our dedicated page.

Publications

Reports

Books

Articles

Book Chapters

  • Singer, C. Steemers, J. and Sakr, N. (forthcoming) ‘Whither “Integration”? Children’s Television and the Arab Diaspora in Germany’. In M. Alkazemi and C. Youakim (eds) The Arab Diaspora: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Lexington Books.
  • Steemers, J. and Sakr, N. (2020, forthcoming) ‘Children’s Television in an Era of Digital Distribution: European and Arab Responses’. In C. Brannon Donoghue, T. Havens and P. McDonald (eds) Media Distribution in the Digital Age, New York: NYU Press.
  • Steemers, J. (2019). ‘Invisible children: Inequalities in the Provision of Screen Content for Children’. In J. Trappel, (ed.), Digital media inequalities: Policies against divides, distrust and discrimination (pp. 177-190). Goteborg: Nordicom.
  • Sakr, N., Steemers, J. and Singer, C. (2018). ‘Children’s Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration: Missing Voices, Diversity, and Questions of Ethics’. In T. Langan and F. Taffinder (ed.), Children’s Media Yearbook 2018 (pp. 43-46). London: Children’s Media Foundation.
  • Steemers, J. (2016). ‘The Context of Localisation: Children’s Television in Western Europe and the Arab-speaking World’. In: A. Esser (ed.), Media across Borders: The Localisation of Audiovisual Content. Abingdon: Routledge, 53-61.
  • Steemers, J. (2016). ‘Formats and Localisation in the Children’s Audiovisual Sector’. In: K. Aveyard, P. Jensen and A. Moran (eds). New Patterns in Global Television Formats. London: Intellect, 157-170.
  • Sakr, N. and Steemers, J. (2015). ‘Co-Producing Content for Pan-Arab Children’s TV: State, Business, and the Workplace’. In: V. Mayer, B. Conor and M. Bank (eds), Production Studies, The Sequel! Cultural Studies of Global Media Industries. Abingdon: Routledge, 238-50.

Conference Presentations

Conferences

Symposium - Invisible Children: Children’s Media, Diversity and Forced Migration

The symposium Invisible Children: Children's Media, Diversity and Forced Migration presented the findings from our three workshops, in Manchester, Copenhagen and Munich, focused around issues of diversity including screen content that has been – or could be – made for and about Arabic-speaking and other children newly arrived in Europe through forced migration.

The symposium was hosted at King's, and you can read more about it on the event page.

Pre-Festival Workshop, Prix Jeunesse, Munich, 24 May 2018

This workshop was organised in cooperation with the International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) in Munich, Germany. It preceded the Prix Jeunesse International Festival, held from 25-30 May 2018 in Munich.

Outputs

CPH:Dox Workshop, Copenhagen, 19-20 March 2018

Our second project workshop took place during the Copenhagen International Documentary Film Festival (CPH:Dox) 2018 at Restaurant SULT, on the premises of the Danish Film Institute, in central Copenhagen.

Outputs

CGMS Pre-Summit Workshop, BBC, Salford, 4 December 2017

The inaugural project workshop was linked to the 8th Children’s Global Media Summit (CGMS), which took place from 5-7 December 2017. It was hosted by the BBC in Manchester. 

Outputs

 

Media coverage

Publications

Reports

Books

Articles

Book Chapters

  • Singer, C. Steemers, J. and Sakr, N. (forthcoming) ‘Whither “Integration”? Children’s Television and the Arab Diaspora in Germany’. In M. Alkazemi and C. Youakim (eds) The Arab Diaspora: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Lexington Books.
  • Steemers, J. and Sakr, N. (2020, forthcoming) ‘Children’s Television in an Era of Digital Distribution: European and Arab Responses’. In C. Brannon Donoghue, T. Havens and P. McDonald (eds) Media Distribution in the Digital Age, New York: NYU Press.
  • Steemers, J. (2019). ‘Invisible children: Inequalities in the Provision of Screen Content for Children’. In J. Trappel, (ed.), Digital media inequalities: Policies against divides, distrust and discrimination (pp. 177-190). Goteborg: Nordicom.
  • Sakr, N., Steemers, J. and Singer, C. (2018). ‘Children’s Screen Content in an Era of Forced Migration: Missing Voices, Diversity, and Questions of Ethics’. In T. Langan and F. Taffinder (ed.), Children’s Media Yearbook 2018 (pp. 43-46). London: Children’s Media Foundation.
  • Steemers, J. (2016). ‘The Context of Localisation: Children’s Television in Western Europe and the Arab-speaking World’. In: A. Esser (ed.), Media across Borders: The Localisation of Audiovisual Content. Abingdon: Routledge, 53-61.
  • Steemers, J. (2016). ‘Formats and Localisation in the Children’s Audiovisual Sector’. In: K. Aveyard, P. Jensen and A. Moran (eds). New Patterns in Global Television Formats. London: Intellect, 157-170.
  • Sakr, N. and Steemers, J. (2015). ‘Co-Producing Content for Pan-Arab Children’s TV: State, Business, and the Workplace’. In: V. Mayer, B. Conor and M. Bank (eds), Production Studies, The Sequel! Cultural Studies of Global Media Industries. Abingdon: Routledge, 238-50.

Conference Presentations

Conferences

Symposium - Invisible Children: Children’s Media, Diversity and Forced Migration

The symposium Invisible Children: Children's Media, Diversity and Forced Migration presented the findings from our three workshops, in Manchester, Copenhagen and Munich, focused around issues of diversity including screen content that has been – or could be – made for and about Arabic-speaking and other children newly arrived in Europe through forced migration.

The symposium was hosted at King's, and you can read more about it on the event page.

Pre-Festival Workshop, Prix Jeunesse, Munich, 24 May 2018

This workshop was organised in cooperation with the International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) in Munich, Germany. It preceded the Prix Jeunesse International Festival, held from 25-30 May 2018 in Munich.

Outputs

CPH:Dox Workshop, Copenhagen, 19-20 March 2018

Our second project workshop took place during the Copenhagen International Documentary Film Festival (CPH:Dox) 2018 at Restaurant SULT, on the premises of the Danish Film Institute, in central Copenhagen.

Outputs

CGMS Pre-Summit Workshop, BBC, Salford, 4 December 2017

The inaugural project workshop was linked to the 8th Children’s Global Media Summit (CGMS), which took place from 5-7 December 2017. It was hosted by the BBC in Manchester. 

Outputs

 

Media coverage

Our Partners

Logo of the AHRC

Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC)

University of Westminster logo

University of Westminster

Project status: Completed

Principal Investigator

Investigators

Contact us

Professor Jeanette Steemers

jeanette.steemers@kcl.ac.uk

Professor Naomi Sakr

n.sakr01@westminster.ac.uk

Dr Christine Singer

christine.singer@kcl.ac.uk

Twitter

@EuroArabCM

Postal address

Department for Culture, Media, and Creative Industries

King’s College London, Strand

London, WC2R 2LS

Keywords

MEDIAARABCHILDRENEUROPESCREEN