Arun Dawson is a PhD candidate in War Studies at the Freeman Air and Space Institute, King’s College London, where his research explores airpower and British grand strategy during the Cold War. More broadly, he is interested in how international relations is shaped by the development, production and diffusion of military technology, particularly in the air domain.

With a background in engineering from Oxford and experience flying with the University Air Squadron, Arun brings a multidisciplinary perspective to defence and security studies. His work has been supported by awards including the Guggenheim Fellowship from the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.

Arun has delivered lectures, policy reports and bespoke training for military academies, government agencies and private sector clients across Europe, the Americas and Asia, while providing expert commentary to outlets such as the BBC and The Conversation. These collaborations ensure that his research is empirically informed and has real-world impact.

Beyond King’s, he is a Fellow of the Baltic Defence College, a Visiting Lecturer at the Sri Lankan National Defence College, an Advisory Associate for Oxford Analytica’s $1bn political risk programme, and a former intern with NATO’s Defence Investment Division, gaining hands-on experience in multinational capability planning and acquisition policy.

Research Interests

• Air Power
• Defence procurement
• Economics of British defence policy
• War, technology and innovation

Recent Publications

• (with Aleix Nadal) ‘Concept to Combat: The Royal Air Force, Small Drones and the War in Ukraine’, European Review of International Studies 11, 3 (2025): 321-357
• ‘The case for RAF Arctic and High North readiness’, Freeman Commentary (Freeman Air and Space Institute, 2023)
• Higher Level Airspace: An International Analysis of Current Trends and Strategic Drivers (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 2023), ISBN 978-92-845-0222-6
• ‘Cold Comfort: The Challenges Facing the RAF’s Return to the Arctic’, Freeman Paper 12 (Freeman Air and Space Institute, 2022), ISSN 2754-0510
• ‘Changes in the Pipeline: The Green Energy Transition and USA Futures’, contribution to Global Strategic Trends 7^th edition (Ministry of Defence Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre, 2021)

He has also contributed as a research assistant to projects including Paul Kennedy’s Victory at Sea (Yale University Press, 2022); John Gearson’s Operation Banner Primer: An Account of the British Military’s Deployment to Northern Ireland, 1969-2007 (Centre for Defence Studies, 2022); and Jamie Gaskarth, Maeve Ryan and William Reynolds’ UK Strategic Defence Reviews since 1998: Planning, Implementing and Learning from Outcomes (forthcoming).

Teaching

Arun teaches RAF officers on the IOD course at the UK Defence Academy and undergraduates on the History of the International System module at King’s. He regularly gives guest lectures in the UK and overseas.

Research Project Summary:

States seem to arm sub-optimally - why?

This thesis addresses the apparent divergence between political objectives and the military capabilities acquired to achieve them – the ‘grand strategy–defense strategy gap’ (Brands & Montgomery, 2020). It contends that conventional explanations for the “gap” overlook the multifunctional character of military power and airpower in particular. This arises from a conceptual limitation: grand strategy often categorises capabilities as military, economic or diplomatic when in practice they can and often do fulfil multiple roles. Thus, what appears as a mismatch between force design and strategic intent may instead reflect the complex and at times contradictory demands placed on military capabilities within the broader architecture of grand strategy.

To support this argument, the thesis examines six cases of British combat air procurement, spanning the Suez Crisis to the end of the Cold War. These cases reveal that decisions about fighter jets were rarely dictated by military utility alone. Rather, they embodied broader diplomatic and economic imperatives, too. Aircraft procurement thus became a tangible medium through which rival grand strategies – Atlanticist, European or autonomist – were expressed and contested.

Grounded in extensive archival research in the UK and abroad, this study contributes to long-running debates about twentieth-century Britain. It reframes narratives of decline, not to dismiss them, but to reveal a more complex story shaped as much by adaptation as retreat. In doing so, the thesis engages with the broader question of how middle powers conceive and conduct grand strategy.

Finally, by situating defence procurement within the “long view”, this project illuminates enduring dilemmas facing contemporary policymakers: sovereignty versus alliance dependency, capability versus cost, and technological ambition versus operational risk. These tensions are not anomalies of the present but structural features of international politics, made only more acute by the renewed uncertainties of great-power competition.

Supervisory Team: Professor John Gearson and Dr David Jordan