Useful links and references

Useful links

• The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) review on vitamin B12 provides a major review of B12’s metabolism, function and requirements, and provides useful information relevant to each page of this OpeN-Global fact-sheet.
• The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) also has a recent review focused on B12 requirements.
• US National Academies Press IOM Dietary reference intakes for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline, 2000
• US National Institutes of Health, Health Professionals Fact Sheet on vitamin B12
• World Health Organisation statement: Conclusions of a WHO Technical Consultation on folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies

Further reading

• Alex Brito, Edwin Habeych, Irma Silva-Zolezzi, Nicola Galaffu, Lindsay H Allen; Methods to assess vitamin B12 bioavailability and technologies to enhance its absorption, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 76, Issue 10, 1 October 2018, Pages 778–792

Harrington DJ. Laboratory assessment of vitamin B12 statusJournal of Clinical Pathology 2017;70:168-173.

• Watson, J., Lee, M. & Garcia-Casal, M.N. Consequences of Inadequate Intakes of Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Calcium, Iron, and Folate in Older Persons Curr Geri Rep (2018) 7: 103.

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References

1.              Allen LH, Miller JW, de Groot L, Rosenberg IH, Smith AD, Refsum H, Raiten DJ. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND): Vitamin B-12 Review. The Journal of Nutrition 2018;148:1995S-2027S.

2.              EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products N, and Allergies (NDA). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for cobalamin (vitamin B12). EFSA Journal 2015;13. doi: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4150.

3.              Garrod MG, Buchholz BA, Miller JW, Haack KW, Green R, Allen LH. Vitamin B12 added as a fortificant to flour retains high bioavailability when baked in bread. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2019;438:136-40.

4.              Brito A, Habeych E, Silva-Zolezzi I, Galaffu N, Allen LH. Methods to assess vitamin B12 bioavailability and technologies to enhance its absorption. Nutrition Reviews 2018;76:778-92.

5.              Dror DK, Allen LH. Vitamin B-12 in human milk: a systematic review. Advances in Nutrition 2018;9:358S-66S.

6.              Fedosov SN, Brito A, Miller JW, Green R, Allen LH. Combined indicator of vitamin B12 status: modification for missing biomarkers and folate status and recommendations for revised cut-points. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 2015;53:1215-25.

7.              Pirkle J. Laboratory Procedure Manual: Vitamin B12 (serum) Roche E-170 Vitamin B12 “ECLIA”. In: Nutritoinal Biomarkers Branch DoLS, National Center for Environmental Health, ed. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

8.              Roche. Elecsys Assays – Updated Method Sheets, Vitamin B12. Mannheim, Germany: Roche, 2013.

9.              Diagnostics B. Difco & BBL Manual: Manual of Microbiological Cultre Media. Sparks, MD: Becton, Dickinson and Company, 2009.

10.           Axis-Shield. AxSYM Active-B12 (holotranscobalamin). Abbott Park, IL: Abbott Laboratories Inc., 2007.

11.           Pedersen TL, Keyes WR, Shahab-Ferdows S, Allen LH, Newman JW. Methylmalonic acid quantification in low serum volumes by UPLC–MS/MS. Journal of Chromatography B 2011;879:1502-6.

12.           Schroder TH, Quay TA, Lamers Y. Methylmalonic acid quantified in dried blood spots provides a precise, valid, and stable measure of functional vitamin B-12 status in healthy women. The Journal of Nutrition 2014;144:1658-63.

13.           Magera MJ, Helgeson JK, Matern D, Rinaldo P. Methylmalonic acid measured in plasma and urine by stable-isotope dilution and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Clinical Chemistry 2000;46:1804-10.

14.           Gilfix BM, Blank DW, Rosenblatt DS. Novel reductant for determination of total plasma homocysteine. Clinical Chemistry 1997;43:687-8.

15.           Lildballe DL, Hardlei TF, Allen LH, Nexo E. High concentrations of haptocorrin interfere with routine measurement of cobalamins in human serum and milk. A problem and its solution. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 2009;47:182-7.

16.           Hampel D, Shahab-Ferdows S, Domek JM, Siddiqua T, Raqib R, Allen LH. Competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for vitamin B12 analysis in human milk. Food Chemistry 2014;153:60-5.

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